摘 要
在果树嫁接技术作为果树栽培中的关键环节，直接影响果实的产量和品质。随着全球气候变化和农业生产需求的增加，传统嫁接方法在应对复杂环境条件和提高产量方面面临诸多挑战。本研究旨在通过优化嫁接技术，探索提升果树产量的有效策略。研究首先对国内外现有嫁接技术进行了系统梳理，分析了不同嫁接方法的优缺点及其适用范围。在此基础上，提出了基于植物生理学和分子生物学的嫁接优化方案，重点探讨了砧木选择、嫁接时间、接口处理等关键因素对嫁接成活率和后期产量的影响。实验采用田间试验与实验室分析相结合的方法，选取苹果、梨和桃三种常见果树进行对比研究，结果表明，优化后的嫁接技术显著提高了嫁接成活率和果实产量。此外，研究还发现，通过调控砧木的抗逆性和养分吸收能力，可以进一步增强果树对病虫害和环境胁迫的抵抗力。
关键词：果树嫁接技术；砧木选择；嫁接时间；接口处理
OPTIMIZATION OF GRAFTING TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT TREES AND ITS YIELD IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY
ABSTRACT
As a key link in fruit cultivation, grafting technology directly affects the yield and quality of fruit. With global climate change and the increasing demand for agricultural production, traditional grafting methods face many challenges in coping with complex environmental conditions and increasing yields. The aim of this study was to explore effective strategies to improve fruit yield by optimizing grafting techniques. Firstly, the existing grafting techniques at home and abroad are systematically sorted out, and the advantages and disadvantages of different grafting methods and their applicable scope are analyzed. On this basis, a grafting optimization scheme based on plant physiology and molecular biology was proposed, focusing on the influence of key factors such as stock selection, grafting time and interface treatment on graft survival rate and later yield. The experiment adopted the method of field experiment and laboratory analysis, selected three common fruit trees of apple, pear and peach for comparative study. The results showed that the optimized grafting technology significantly improved the graft survival rate and fruit yield. In addition, the study also found that by regulating the resistance and nutrient absorption capacity of rootstock, the resistance of fruit trees to pests and diseases and environmental stress can be further enhanced.
KEY WORDS：fruit tree grafting technology; Stock selection; Grafting time; Interface processing
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 引言 2
第2章 果树嫁接技术的基本原理与现状分析 3
2.1 果树嫁接的基本原理与分类 3
2.2 国内外果树嫁接技术的现状与发展趋势 3
第3章 果树嫁接技术优化的关键因素研究 5
3.1 砧木选择对嫁接成活率的影响 5
3.2 接穗品种的优化与适应性分析 5
3.3 嫁接时间与环境条件对成活率的影响 6
第4章 基于嫁接技术的果树产量提升策略 7
4.1 嫁接技术对果树生长周期的影响 7
4.2 优化嫁接技术对果实品质的提升作用 7
4.3 综合管理措施在嫁接后产量提升中的应用 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
