摘 要
羊口蹄疫作为全球范围内广泛流行的动物传染病，对养羊业构成了严峻挑战。该病由口蹄疫病毒引起，具有高度的传染性和变异性，能够在短时间内迅速传播，导致大量动物感染。羊口蹄疫的爆发不仅影响动物的生产性能和健康状况，还可能引发严重的经济损失，甚至对人类健康构成威胁。近年来，随着全球贸易和动物流动的增加，羊口蹄疫的传播风险进一步加大。因此，本文针对羊口蹄疫的防控难点，系统分析了当前防控工作中存在的问题，包括疫苗保护效果的局限性、监测体系的不完善、应急响应机制的缺失以及公众意识与合作不足等。在此基础上，提出了针对羊口蹄疫的综合防控对策，包括提升疫苗研发与应用效率、完善疫情监测与数据分析、构建快速有效的应急反应体系以及增强公众参与与多部门合作。通过采用新技术研发新型疫苗、优化疫苗接种策略、建立实时监测系统、强化数据共享与决策支持、明确疫情报告流程与责任、制定具体可行的应急预案以及提高养殖户的防疫意识和能力等措施，旨在有效降低羊口蹄疫的发生和传播风险，保障畜牧业的健康发展和公共卫生安全。本研究为羊口蹄疫的防控工作提供了科学依据和实践指导。
关键词：羊口蹄疫；疫苗研发；监测体系
RESEARCH ON THE DIFFICULTIES AND COMPREHENSIVE COUNTERMEASURES OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN SHEEP
ABSTRACT
As a widespread animal infectious disease worldwide, it poses a severe challenge to the sheep raising industry. The disease is caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus, which is highly infectious and mutable, and can spread rapidly in a short period of time, leading to a large number of animal infections. The outbreak of foot and mouth disease not only affects the performance and health of animals, but also may cause serious economic losses and even pose a threat to human health. In recent years, the risk of FMD transmission has increased with increasing global trade and animal movement. Therefore, aiming at the difficulties in the prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease, this paper systematically analyzes the problems existing in the current prevention and control work, including the limitations of the vaccine protection effect, the imperfect monitoring system, the lack of emergency response mechanism and the lack of public awareness and cooperation. On this basis, comprehensive prevention and control countermeasures for foot-and-mouth disease were proposed, including improving the efficiency of vaccine research and development and application, improving epidemic monitoring and data analysis, building a rapid and effective emergency response system, and enhancing public participation and cooperation with multiple departments. By adopting new technology research and development of new vaccine, optimize the vaccination strategy, establish real-time monitoring system, strengthen data sharing and decision support, clear outbreak reporting process and responsibility, formulate concrete and feasible emergency plan and improve farmers epidemic awareness and ability, aims to effectively reduce the occurrence of sheep foot and mouth disease and transmission risk, ensure the healthy development of animal husbandry and public health security. This study provides scientific basis and practical guidance for the prevention and control of FMD.
KEY WORDS：Foot-and-mouth disease; Vaccine development; Monitoring system
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第2章 相关理论概述 2
2.1 口蹄疫病毒特性 2
2.2 传播途径及流行病学特征 2
第3章 羊口蹄疫防控面临的主要问题 3
3.1 疫苗保护效果的局限性 3
3.2 监测体系的不完善 3
3.3 应急响应机制的缺失 4
3.4 公众意识与合作不足 4
第4章 针对羊口蹄疫的综合防控对策 5
4.1 提升疫苗研发与应用效率 5
4.2 完善疫情监测与数据分析 5
4.3 构建快速有效的应急反应体系 6
4.4 增强公众参与与多部门合作 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
