河道水环境污染问题及治理措施研究
摘要
随着工业化、城镇化的快速推进，河道水环境污染问题日益严峻，成为制约社会可持续发展的关键因素之一。工业排放、农业面源污染、生活污水排放以及自然因素与人为活动的叠加影响，共同导致了河道水质恶化，生态系统失衡，不仅影响了居民的生产生活，也对生物多样性构成了严重威胁。本文围绕河道水环境污染问题及治理措施展开研究，首先阐述了水环境科学基础、污染物迁移转化理论和河道生态学理论，为后续分析提供了理论支撑。随后，详细分析了河道水环境污染的四大主要来源：工业排放污染、农业面源污染、生活污水排放以及自然因素与人为活动的叠加影响，并分别就重金属污染、有机废水污染、化肥农药残留、畜禽养殖废水等问题进行了深入探讨。本文提出了针对性的治理对策，包括强化工业排放监管、推广清洁生产与循环经济、控制农业面源污染、完善生活污水处理系统以及实施综合治理与生态修复等措施。本文的研究不仅有助于深入理解河道水环境污染的成因与机制，也为制定科学合理的治理策略提供了重要参考。
关键词：河道水环境；污染问题；治理措施
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the problem of river water environment pollution is increasingly serious, which has become one of the key factors restricting the sustainable development of society. Industrial discharge, agricultural non-point source pollution, domestic sewage discharge, and the superimposed influence of natural factors and human activities jointly lead to the deterioration of river water quality and the imbalance of ecosystem, which not only affects the production and life of residents, but also poses a serious threat to biodiversity. This paper focuses on the river water environment pollution problem and treatment measures, and first expounds the scientific basis of water environment, pollutant migration and transformation theory and river ecology theory, which provides theoretical support for the subsequent analysis. Then, the detailed analysis of the river four major sources of water environment pollution: industrial pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution, sewage discharge and the superposition of natural factors and human activities, and heavy me tal pollution, organic wastewater pollution, fertilizer pesticide residue, livestock and poultry breeding wastewater has carried on the thorough discussion. This paper puts forward targeted measures, including strengthening the supervision of industrial discharge, the promotion of clean production and circular economy, the control of agricultural non-point source pollution, the improvement of domestic sewage treatment system and the implementation of comprehensive treatment and ecological restoration. The research in this paper not only helps to deeply understand the causes and mechanisms of river water environment pollution, but also provides an important reference for the formulation of scientific and reasonable treatment strategies.
Keywords：Water environment; pollution problems; treatment measures
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景及意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状 1
（三）研究目的和内容 2
二、相关理论概述 3
（一）水环境科学基础 3
（二）污染物迁移转化理论 3
（三）河道生态学理论 4
三、河道水环境治理的重要性 5
（一）对生态环境的保护作用 5
（二）对社会经济发展的推动作用 5
四、河道水环境污染问题 7
（一）河道水环境污染问题 7
（二）农业面源污染 7
（三）生活污水排放 7
（四）自然因素与人为活动叠加影响 8
五、河道水环境治理对策 9
（一）强化工业排放监管 9
（二）农业面源污染控制 9
（三）完善生活污水处理系统 10
（四）综合治理与生态修复 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
