摘 要
随着教育改革的不断深化，小学数学教育越来越注重培养学生的问题解决能力。在新课程标准的指引下，数学教学不再仅仅局限于知识的传授，而是更加注重学生数学思维的训练和问题解决能力的培养。然而，在实际教学中，我们发现许多学生在面对数学问题时往往感到困惑和无助，缺乏独立解决问题的能力和方法。因此，本研究针对小学数学问题解决能力的培养策略展开深入探讨。通过分析当前小学数学教学中存在的问题，如教学方法单一、教学内容与生活脱节等，提出了一系列针对性的解决策略。研究强调创新教学方法，加强教学内容与现实生活的联系，合理安排问题难度，以及平衡教师指导与学生自主性。通过实施这些策略，旨在帮助学生提高数学问题解决能力，培养创新思维和实践能力，为小学数学教育的发展提供有益的参考。
关键词：小学数学；问题解决能力；培养策略；创新思维
Abstract
With the deepening of education reform, primary school mathematics education pays more and more attention to cultivating students' problem-solving ability. Under the guidance of the new curriculum standard, mathematics teaching is no longer limited to the imparting of knowledge, but pays more attention to the training of students' mathematical thinking and the cultivation of problem-solving ability. However, in practical teaching, we find that many students often feel confused and helpless in the face of mathematical problems, and lack the ability and method to solve problems independently. Therefore, this study deeply discusses the cultivation strategies of ability solving mathematical problems in primary schools. By analyzing the problems existing in the current primary school mathematics teaching, such as the single teaching method and the disconnection between the teaching content and life, a series of targeted solution strategies are put forward. The research emphasizes innovating teaching methods, strengthening the connection between teaching content and real life, reasonably arranging the difficulty of problems, and balancing teachers 'guidance and students' autonomy. Through the implementation of these strategies, it aims to help students improve their mathematical problem solving ability, cultivate innovative thinking and practical ability, and provide useful reference for the development of primary school mathematics education.
Keywords：Primary school mathematics; Problem solving ability; Training strategy ;Innovative thinking
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 相关理论概述 3
1.1 认知发展理论 3
1.1.1 皮亚杰的认知发展阶段理论 3
1.1.2 布鲁纳的认知结构学习理论 3
1.2 建构主义学习理论 4
1.2.1 学生主动建构知识的观点 4
1.2.2 情境、协作、会话和意义建构的四大要素 5
第二章 小学数学问题解决能力的培养的问题 6
2.1 教学方法与问题解决的脱节点 6
2.2 教学内容与现实生活联系的缺乏 6
2.3 问题难度与学生能力不匹配的问题 7
2.4 教师指导与学生自主性的平衡问题 8
第三章 小学数学问题解决能力培养的策略 9
3.1 创新教学方法，激发学生问题解决兴趣 9
3.2 加强教学内容与现实生活的联系 9
3.3 合理安排问题难度，适应学生能力发展 10
3.4 平衡教师指导与学生自主性 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
