摘 要
外来入侵植物对本地森林生态系统的影响日益受到关注，本研究旨在探讨典型外来入侵植物对森林生态系统的结构与功能的改变机制。通过选取中国南方典型森林区域为研究对象，结合野外调查、实验分析和模型模拟等方法，系统评估了入侵植物在种群动态、物种多样性及养分循环等方面的作用。研究发现，入侵植物显著改变了森林群落的物种组成，降低了本地植物多样性和生态系统稳定性，并通过促进土壤养分流失加剧了生态失衡。此外，部分入侵植物还通过化感作用抑制本地植物生长，进一步强化其竞争优势。本研究创新性地提出了基于生态阈值的入侵影响评估框架，为制定精准防控策略提供了科学依据，同时强调了多尺度监测与管理的重要性，为保护森林生态系统健康和可持续发展提供了重要参考。关键词：外来入侵植物; 森林生态系统; 物种多样性; 化感作用; 生态阈值
Abstract
The impact of invasive alien plants on local forest ecosystems has increasingly drawn attention, and this study aims to explore the mechanisms by which typical invasive alien plants alter the structure and function of forest ecosystems. By selecting representative forest regions in southern China as research subjects, a combination of field surveys, experimental analyses, and model simulations was employed to systematically evaluate the roles of invasive plants in population dynamics, species diversity, and nutrient cycling. The findings indicate that invasive plants significantly modify the species composition of forest communities, reduce native plant diversity and ecosystem stability, and exacerbate ecological imbalance through accelerated soil nutrient loss. Moreover, some invasive plants suppress the growth of native plants via allelopathic effects, further enhancing their competitive advantages. Innovatively, this study proposes an assessment fr amework based on ecological thresholds for evaluating invasion impacts, providing a scientific basis for developing precise control strategies. It also underscores the importance of multi-scale monitoring and management, offering critical references for safeguarding the health and sustainable development of forest ecosystems.Key words:Invasive Alien Plants; Forest Ecosystem; Species Diversity; Allelopathy; Ecological Threshold
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、外来植物入侵的基本特征 2
1.1、入侵植物的种类与分布 2
1.2、入侵机制与传播途径 2
1.3、生态适应性分析 2
第2章、对森林生物多样性的影响 4
2.1、物种竞争与替代效应 4
2.2、土壤微生物群落变化 4
2.3、本地物种生存压力评估 4
第3章、对森林生态系统功能的影响 6
3.1、能量流动与物质循环干扰 6
3.2、水文过程的改变 6
3.3、碳储存能力的削弱 6
第4章、管理与防控策略研究 8
4.1、风险评估与监测体系 8
4.2、化学与生物防控技术 8
4.3、社区参与与政策支持 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
