摘 要
深基坑开挖作为城市地下空间开发的重要环节，其对周边建筑物的影响已成为工程界关注的焦点。为系统评估深基坑开挖对邻近建筑物的安全性及稳定性影响，本文基于某实际工程项目，采用数值模拟与现场监测相结合的方法，深入分析了基坑开挖过程中土体位移、地下水位变化以及建筑物沉降等关键参数的动态响应。研究发现，基坑开挖引起的土体侧向变形是导致周边建筑物产生不均匀沉降的主要原因，且地下水位的降低进一步加剧了这一效应。通过对比不同支护方案的计算结果，提出了优化的施工控制措施，显著降低了建筑物的累计沉降量。本文的创新点在于将三维有限元模型与实测数据校核相结合，建立了更为精确的预测模型，为类似工程提供了科学依据和技术参考，同时强调了施工过程中的动态调整和风险预警的重要性。研究成果可为深基坑工程设计与施工提供重要指导，有效保障周边环境的安全与稳定。关键词：深基坑开挖; 建筑物沉降; 土体位移; 地下水位变化; 支护方案优化
Abstract
Deep excavation in urban underground space development has become a focal point of concern in the engineering community due to its potential impacts on surrounding structures. To systematically evaluate the safety and stability of adjacent buildings affected by deep excavation, this study combines numerical simulation with field monitoring based on an actual engineering project, analyzing the dynamic responses of key parameters such as soil displacement, groundwater level changes, and building settlement during the excavation process. The findings indicate that lateral deformation of soil induced by excavation is the primary cause of uneven settlement in nearby buildings, while the reduction in groundwater levels further exacerbates this effect. By comparing computational results of different support schemes, optimized construction control measures were proposed, significantly reducing the cumulative settlement of the buildings. The novelty of this study lies in integrating three-dimensional finite element modeling with calibrated field measurement data to establish a more accurate predictive model, providing scientific evidence and technical references for similar projects. Additionally, the importance of dynamic adjustments and risk warnings during construction is emphasized. The research outcomes offer critical guidance for the design and construction of deep excavation projects, effectively ensuring the safety and stability of the surrounding environment.Key words:Deep Excavation; Building Settlement; Soil Displacement; Groundwater Level Change; Support Scheme Optimization
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、深基坑开挖影响机制分析 2
1.1、土体应力变化规律研究 2
1.2、地下水位变动影响探讨 2
1.3、建筑物受力特性分析 2
第2章、周边建筑物变形监测技术 4
2.1、监测方案设计原则 4
2.2、关键监测指标选取 4
2.3、数据采集与处理方法 5
第3章、影响因素量化评估方法 6
3.1、地质条件对影响的贡献 6
3.2、开挖深度与建筑物响应关系 6
3.3、施工工艺的影响分析 6
第4章、风险控制与防护措施研究 8
4.1、支护结构优化设计策略 8
4.2、建筑物加固技术应用 8
4.3、应急预案制定与实施 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
