摘 要
隧道施工中的爆破作业不可避免地对周边环境产生振动影响，这一问题已成为工程实践中亟待解决的难题。本研究以降低爆破振动对周边环境的破坏为目标，系统分析了爆破振动传播规律及其对不同介质的影响机制。通过现场监测与数值模拟相结合的方法，采集了大量实际工程数据，并建立了考虑地质条件和爆破参数的振动预测模型。研究发现，优化爆破设计参数（如孔网参数、装药量及起爆顺序）可显著减小振动幅值，同时提出了基于振动频谱特征的环境敏感性评估方法。该方法能够更准确地识别潜在风险区域，为制定合理的防护措施提供了科学依据。本研究的主要创新点在于将振动传播特性与地质结构耦合分析，揭示了复杂地质条件下爆破振动的衰减规律，为类似工程提供了理论支持和技术参考。研究成果不仅有助于提高隧道施工的安全性和环保性，还为周边环境保护提供了新思路。关键词：爆破振动; 地质条件; 振动预测模型; 优化设计参数; 环境敏感性评估
Abstract
Blasting operations during tunnel construction inevitably generate vibrational impacts on the surrounding environment, which has become an urgent challenge in engineering practice. This study aims to minimize the damage caused by blasting vibrations by systematically analyzing the propagation patterns of blasting vibrations and their influence mechanisms on different media. A combination of field monitoring and numerical simulation was employed to collect extensive real-world engineering data, and a vibration prediction model incorporating geological conditions and blasting parameters was established. The findings indicate that optimizing blasting design parameters, such as borehole layout, charge quantity, and initiation sequence, can significantly reduce vibration amplitudes. Additionally, a method for environmental sensitivity assessment based on vibration spectral characteristics was proposed, enabling more precise identification of potential risk areas and providing a scientific basis for developing appropriate protective measures. The primary innovation of this research lies in the coupled analysis of vibration propagation characteristics with geological structures, revealing the attenuation laws of blasting vibrations under complex geological conditions. This provides theoretical support and technical references for similar projects. The research outcomes not only enhance the safety and environmental compatibility of tunnel construction but also offer new approaches for protecting the surrounding environment.Key words:Blast Vibration; Geological Conditions; Vibration Prediction Model; Optimized Design Parameters; Environmental Sensitivity Assessment
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引 言 1
第1章、隧道爆破振动的基本特性 2
1.1、爆破振动的产生机制 2
1.2、爆破振动传播规律 2
1.3、爆破振动影响因素分析 2
第2章、周边环境的敏感性评估 4
2.1、环境敏感点识别方法 4
2.2、不同介质对振动的响应 4
2.3、敏感性分级与评价标准 4
第3章、爆破振动对建筑物的影响研究 6
3.1、建筑物结构损伤机理 6
3.2、振动强度与损伤关系 6
3.3、减震措施及其效果评估 7
第4章、爆破振动对生态环境的影响分析 8
4.1、地表水体的振动响应特征 8
4.2、土壤稳定性与植被影响 8
4.3、生态保护对策与建议 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
