摘 要
随着城市化进程的加速，地铁建设成为缓解交通压力的重要手段，但施工过程中可能引发地表形变，对周边环境和建筑物造成潜在威胁因此，开展地表形变监测技术在城市地铁施工中的应用研究具有重要意义本研究旨在探索高精度、实时性强的地表形变监测方法，以保障地铁施工安全并减少对周围环境的影响基于此目标，研究综合运用了全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）、合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）以及地面激光扫描（TLS）等多种现代监测技术，并结合数据融合算法优化监测结果通过实际工程案例分析，验证了多技术协同监测方案的有效性研究发现，GNSS能够提供高频次的实时监测数据，InSAR适用于大范围形变趋势分析，而TLS则在局部精细监测中表现出色三者结合可显著提高监测精度与可靠性此外，本研究提出了一种基于机器学习的异常识别模型，用于快速筛选异常形变点，为施工决策提供了科学依据最终研究表明，该多技术集成方案不仅提升了地表形变监测的效率与准确性，还为城市地铁施工风险管理提供了新思路其创新点在于实现了多源异构数据的高效融合与智能化分析，为类似工程实践提供了可借鉴的技术范式
关键词：地表形变监测；地铁施工；GNSS-InSAR-TLS融合
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization, subway construction has become an essential means to alleviate traffic pressure. However, potential ground deformation during construction may pose threats to the surrounding environment and buildings. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the application of surface deformation monitoring technology in urban subway construction. This study aims to explore high-precision and real-time surface deformation monitoring methods to ensure construction safety and minimize impacts on the surrounding environment. To achieve this goal, the research integrates multiple modern monitoring technologies, including Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), along with data fusion algorithms to optimize monitoring outcomes. Through case study analysis, the effectiveness of the multi-technology collaborative monitoring approach was validated. It was found that GNSS provides high-frequency real-time monitoring data, InSAR is suitable for large-scale deformation trend analysis, and TLS excels in local fine-scale monitoring. The combination of these three technologies significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of monitoring results. Furthermore, this study proposes a machine-learning-based anomaly detection model for rapid identification of abnormal deformation points, offering scientific support for construction decision-making. The final results indicate that the multi-technology integration approach not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of surface deformation monitoring but also provides new insights into risk management for urban subway construction. Its innovation lies in achieving efficient fusion and intelligent analysis of multi-source heterogeneous data, offering a replicable technical paradigm for similar engineering practices.
Keywords: Surface Deformation Monitoring; Metro Construction; GNSS-InSAR-TLS Fusion
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 地表形变监测技术的研究背景 1
1.2 城市地铁施工中的地表形变问题 1
1.3 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 地表形变监测技术原理与方法 3
2.1 地表形变监测的基本概念 3
2.2 常用地表形变监测技术概述 3
2.3 遥感技术在地表形变监测中的应用 4
2.4 GNSS技术的地表形变监测优势 4
2.5 监测技术的对比与选择 5
第3章 地表形变监测在地铁施工中的应用分析 6
3.1 地铁施工对地表形变的影响机制 6
3.2 地表形变监测点的布设原则 6
3.3 数据采集与处理的技术要求 7
3.4 地表形变监测结果的实时反馈 7
3.5 地铁施工中地表形变的风险评估 8
第4章 地表形变监测的实际案例研究 9
4.1 案例背景与研究目标 9
4.2 监测方案的设计与实施 9
4.3 数据分析与结果验证 10
4.4 地表形变对周边环境的影响评估 10
4.5 案例总结与经验启示 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
