摘 要
随着全球工业化进程的加速和海洋经济活动的日益频繁，海洋污染问题已成为制约可持续发展的重要因素。传统海洋污染监测手段存在覆盖范围有限、成本高昂及响应效率低等问题，难以满足快速变化的海洋环境监测需求。本研究旨在探索无人机遥感技术在海洋污染监测中的应用潜力，通过集成高分辨率成像传感器与多光谱遥感设备，构建了一套基于无人机平台的海洋污染动态监测系统。研究选取典型海域作为实验区域，采用飞行试验与数据处理相结合的方法，对油膜泄漏、塑料垃圾分布及水质参数变化等关键污染指标进行监测与分析。结果表明，无人机遥感技术能够以高时空分辨率实现对海洋污染的快速识别与精准定位，其数据采集效率较传统方法提升约3倍以上，同时显著降低了监测成本。此外，本研究提出了一种基于机器学习的污染分类算法，有效提高了污染类型判别的准确率，为污染源追溯提供了技术支持。研究表明，无人机遥感技术在海洋污染监测中具有显著优势，可为海洋环境保护政策制定和应急响应提供科学依据，其创新点在于实现了多源数据融合与智能化分析，为推动海洋监测技术现代化做出了重要贡献。
关键词：无人机遥感技术；海洋污染监测；高时空分辨率
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of global industrialization and the increasing frequency of marine economic activities, marine pollution has become a critical factor constraining sustainable development. Conventional marine pollution monitoring methods suffer from limitations such as restricted coverage, high costs, and low response efficiency, making it difficult to meet the demands of rapidly changing marine environmental monitoring. This study investigates the application potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology in marine pollution monitoring by integrating high-resolution imaging sensors and multispectral remote sensing devices into a UAV-based dynamic monitoring system for marine pollution. A typical sea area was selected as the experimental region, and a combination of flight experiments and data processing was employed to monitor and analyze key pollution indicators, including oil film leakage, plastic waste distribution, and variations in water quality parameters. The results demonstrate that UAV remote sensing technology can achieve rapid identification and precise localization of marine pollution with high spatiotemporal resolution. Compared to traditional methods, the data collection efficiency is enhanced by approximately three times or more, while significantly reducing monitoring costs. Furthermore, this study proposes a machine-learning-based pollution classification algorithm that effectively improves the accuracy of pollution type identification, providing technical support for pollution source tracing. The research indicates that UAV remote sensing technology exhibits significant advantages in marine pollution monitoring, offering scientific evidence for the formulation of marine environmental protection policies and emergency responses. Its innovation lies in the realization of multi-source data fusion and intelligent analysis, contributing importantly to the modernization of marine monitoring technology.
Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing Technology; Marine Pollution Monitoring; High Spatiotemporal Resolution
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 海洋污染监测的背景与意义 1
1.2 无人机遥感技术的研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法概述 2
第2章 无人机遥感技术原理与应用基础 3
2.1 无人机遥感技术的基本原理 3
2.2 遥感数据获取的关键技术 3
2.3 海洋污染监测的技术需求 4
2.4 无人机遥感的优势分析 4
第3章 无人机遥感在海洋污染监测中的关键技术 6
3.1 数据采集与处理方法 6
3.2 图像识别与污染源定位 6
3.3 污染物浓度反演算法 7
3.4 实时监测系统的构建 7
第4章 案例分析与实际应用效果评估 9
4.1 典型海洋污染案例选取 9
4.2 无人机遥感监测的实际操作流程 9
4.3 监测结果的准确性验证 10
4.4 应用效果与改进建议 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
