摘 要
随着智能电网的快速发展，高精度定位技术在电力设备巡检中的应用逐渐成为研究热点。为提升电网巡检效率与安全性，本研究以高精度定位技术为核心，结合无人机、传感器和地理信息系统等多源数据，提出了一种适用于复杂地形条件下的智能电网巡检方案。研究通过集成北斗卫星导航系统与惯性导航系统，构建了高精度动态定位模型，实现了对巡检设备的厘米级实时定位。同时，基于定位数据与三维点云地图的融合，开发了路径规划算法，显著优化了巡检路径设计与任务执行效率。实验结果表明，该方案能够有效降低巡检过程中的定位误差，提高故障识别的准确性，并减少人工干预需求。此外，本研究创新性地引入边缘计算架构，解决了高精度定位数据传输与处理的实时性问题，为大规模电网巡检提供了技术支持。研究的主要贡献在于突破了传统巡检方法在定位精度与环境适应性方面的局限，为智能电网的安全运维提供了新思路，具有重要的理论价值与实际应用前景。
关键词：高精度定位技术；智能电网巡检；北斗卫星导航系统
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of smart grids, high-precision positioning technology has gradually become a research hotspot in the inspection of power equipment. To enhance the efficiency and safety of grid inspections, this study focuses on high-precision positioning technology and integrates multi-source data from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), sensors, and geographic information systems (GIS) to propose an intelligent inspection solution for complex terrain conditions. By combining the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System with an inertial navigation system, a high-precision dynamic positioning model was constructed, achieving centimeter-level real-time positioning of inspection devices. Simultaneously, a path planning algorithm was developed based on the fusion of positioning data and three-dimensional point cloud maps, significantly optimizing the design of inspection paths and the efficiency of task execution. Experimental results demonstrate that this solution effectively reduces positioning errors during inspections, improves the accuracy of fault identification, and decreases the need for human intervention. Furthermore, this study innovatively incorporates an edge computing architecture to address the real-time transmission and processing of high-precision positioning data, providing technical support for large-scale grid inspections. The primary contribution of this research lies in overcoming the limitations of traditional inspection methods in terms of positioning accuracy and environmental adaptability, offering new insights into the safe operation and maintenance of smart grids, and possessing significant theoretical value and practical application potential.
Keywords: High-Precision Positioning Technology; Intelligent Power Grid Inspection; BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 智能电网巡检的背景与意义 1
1.2 高精度定位技术的研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究方法概述 2
第2章 高精度定位技术原理分析 3
2.1 定位技术的基本概念 3
2.2 常见高精度定位技术分类 3
2.3 高精度定位技术的关键参数 4
2.4 技术在复杂环境中的适应性 4
第3章 高精度定位技术在智能电网巡检中的应用需求 6
3.1 智能电网巡检的主要挑战 6
3.2 巡检对高精度定位的需求分析 6
3.3 不同场景下的定位精度要求 7
3.4 数据采集与处理的技术支持 7
第4章 高精度定位技术在智能电网巡检中的实现方案 9
4.1 基于GNSS的定位方案设计 9
4.2 融合多传感器的定位优化策略 9
4.3 实时数据传输与反馈机制 10
4.4 系统可靠性与安全性保障 10
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
