摘 要
大型水库作为重要的基础设施，在防洪、发电、供水等方面发挥着不可替代的作用，但其运行过程中可能受到地表形变等多重因素的影响，从而威胁工程安全。为实现对水库区域地表形变的精准监测，本研究基于现代遥感与地理信息技术，综合运用合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）、全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）以及地面测量方法，构建了一套多源数据融合的地表形变监测技术体系。研究以某大型水库为案例，通过长时间序列数据分析，揭示了水库蓄水前后地表形变的时空分布特征及其与地质构造、水文条件之间的关系。结果表明，InSAR技术能够高精度捕捉微小形变，而GNSS则在动态监测和验证中发挥了重要作用，二者结合显著提高了监测结果的可靠性和分辨率。此外，本研究提出了一种基于机器学习的地表形变预测模型，可有效识别潜在风险区域并预警异常变化。研究表明，多技术协同的地表形变监测方案不仅提升了水库安全评估的科学性，还为类似工程提供了可推广的技术路径。该研究的主要创新点在于将多源异构数据融合与智能化分析相结合，实现了从监测到预测的全流程技术支持，为保障大型水库的安全运行提供了重要参考。
关键词：地表形变监测；InSAR技术；GNSS技术
ABSTRACT
Large reservoirs, as critical infrastructure, play an indispensable role in flood control, power generation, and water supply; however, their operation may be influenced by multiple factors such as surface deformation, thereby posing potential threats to engineering safety. To achieve precise monitoring of surface deformation in reservoir areas, this study constructs a multi-source data fusion technology system for surface deformation monitoring based on modern remote sensing and geographic information technologies, integrating synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR), global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), and terrestrial surveying methods. Focusing on a large reservoir as a case study, long-time-series data analysis was conducted to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of surface deformation before and after reservoir impoundment and its relationship with geological structures and hydrological conditions. The results indicate that InSAR technology can accurately capture subtle deformations at high precision, while GNSS plays a crucial role in dynamic monitoring and validation, significantly enhancing the reliability and resolution of the monitoring outcomes when combined. Additionally, this study proposes a machine-learning-based surface deformation prediction model capable of effectively identifying potential risk zones and warning of abnormal changes. The research demonstrates that a multi-technology collaborative approach to surface deformation monitoring not only enhances the scientific evaluation of reservoir safety but also provides a replicable technical pathway for similar projects. A key innovation of this study lies in the integration of multi-source heterogeneous data fusion with intelligent analysis, enabling comprehensive technical support from monitoring to prediction, thus providing significant reference for ensuring the safe operation of large reservoirs.
Keywords: Surface Deformation Monitoring; InSAR Technology; GNSS Technology
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 大型水库安全监测的研究背景 1
1.2 地表形变监测技术的应用意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 1
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 地表形变监测技术原理与方法 3
2.1 地表形变监测的基本概念 3
2.2 常用地表形变监测技术概述 3
2.3 遥感技术在地表形变监测中的应用 4
2.4 GPS技术的地表形变监测功能 4
2.5 InSAR技术的原理与优势 5
第3章 大型水库地表形变特征分析 6
3.1 水库运行对地表形变的影响机制 6
3.2 水库周边地质条件与形变关系 6
3.3 不同季节的地表形变规律研究 7
3.4 地表形变的空间分布特征分析 7
3.5 典型案例的地表形变数据解读 8
第4章 地表形变监测技术在水库安全中的应用 9
4.1 监测技术在水库大坝变形监测中的应用 9
4.2 地表沉降对水库稳定性的影响评估 9
4.3 滑坡风险的监测与预警技术研究 10
4.4 水库蓄水前后形变对比分析 10
4.5 地表形变监测数据的综合分析与决策支持 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
