摘 要
随着城市化进程的加速，污水处理厂产生的污泥量显著增加，其处理与处置已成为全球关注的重要环境问题。本研究旨在系统分析当前污泥处理与处置技术的现状及挑战，并提出创新性解决方案以实现污泥资源化利用和环境友好型处置。研究采用文献综述、实验验证和案例分析相结合的方法，对多种主流污泥处理技术（如厌氧消化、好氧发酵、热解气化等）进行了深入评估，并结合实际工程数据探讨了技术经济性和环境效益。研究发现，传统污泥处理技术在能耗、成本和二次污染控制方面存在明显不足，而新兴的热化学转化技术和生物强化技术展现出显著优势。通过对比分析，提出了基于多技术耦合的综合处理模式，该模式能够有效降低能耗并提高资源回收率。此外，研究还开发了一种新型污泥预处理工艺，可显著提升后续处理效率并减少药剂消耗。最终结论表明，通过优化工艺设计和加强政策支持，污泥可以转化为有价值的能源或肥料，从而实现减量化、无害化和资源化的协同目标，为推动可持续城市发展提供了重要技术支持。
关键词：污泥处理；资源化利用；热化学转化；生物强化技术；多技术耦合
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization, the amount of sludge generated by wastewater treatment plants has significantly increased, making its treatment and disposal a critical environmental issue of global concern. This study aims to systematically analyze the current status and challenges of sludge treatment and disposal technologies and propose innovative solutions for achieving sludge resource recovery and environmentally friendly disposal. By integrating literature review, experimental validation, and case analysis, this research conducts an in-depth evaluation of various mainstream sludge treatment technologies, including anaerobic digestion, aerobic fermentation, and pyrolysis gasification, while examining their techno-economic feasibility and environmental benefits based on actual engineering data. The findings reveal that conventional sludge treatment technologies exhibit notable deficiencies in energy consumption, cost-effectiveness, and secondary pollution control, whereas emerging thermochemical conversion and bio-enhancement technologies demonstrate significant advantages. Through comparative analysis, a comprehensive treatment model based on multi-technology coupling is proposed, which can effectively reduce energy consumption and enhance resource recovery rates. Additionally, a novel sludge pretreatment process has been developed, which markedly improves subsequent treatment efficiency and reduces chemical reagent usage. The final conclusion indicates that, through optimized process design and enhanced policy support, sludge can be transformed into valuable energy or fertilizers, thereby achieving the synergistic goals of reduction, harmlessness, and resource recovery. This provides crucial technical support for promoting sustainable urban development.
Keywords: Sludge Treatment; Resource Recovery; Thermochemical Conversion; Bioaugmentation Technology; Multi-technology Coupling
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 城市污水处理厂污泥处理的背景 1
1.2 污泥处理与处置技术的研究意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 污泥处理技术原理与分类 3
2.1 污泥处理的基本流程 3
2.2 物理处理技术及其应用 3
2.3 化学处理技术的特点与优势 4
2.4 生物处理技术的发展现状 4
2.5 各类技术的适用性对比 5
第3章 污泥处置技术的实践与优化 6
3.1 污泥土地利用的技术要求 6
3.2 焚烧处置的技术难点与改进 6
3.3 填埋处置的环境影响评估 7
3.4 资源化利用的技术路径探索 7
3.5 不同处置方式的成本效益分析 8
第4章 污泥处理与处置的技术集成与案例分析 9
4.1 技术集成的必要性与挑战 9
4.2 典型城市污泥处理工程案例 9
4.3 污泥处理与能源回收的结合模式 10
4.4 智能化管理在污泥处理中的应用 10
4.5 未来技术发展方向与政策建议 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
