摘 要
随着现代建筑向高层化、大跨度方向发展，钢结构因其强度高、自重轻、施工便捷等优势被广泛应用于各类建筑工程中。然而，钢材在高温条件下力学性能显著下降，防火性能成为制约其应用的关键因素之一。为提升钢结构的耐火性能，本研究以钢结构防火设计为核心，系统探讨了火灾环境下钢结构的受力机理及防护技术。研究采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法，基于有限元软件建立了钢结构在火灾工况下的温度场和应力场模型，并通过实验验证了模型的可靠性。研究结果表明，不同防火涂层厚度对钢结构升温速率具有显著影响，合理选择涂层参数可有效延缓结构温升并保持承载能力。此外，本研究提出了一种基于性能化设计理念的优化方法，能够根据建筑功能需求和火灾风险等级制定个性化的防火设计方案。该方法不仅提高了设计效率，还显著降低了材料成本。本研究的主要创新点在于将性能化设计思想引入钢结构防火领域，同时开发了适用于复杂工况的数值分析工具，为实际工程提供了科学依据和技术支持。研究成果对于推动钢结构防火技术的发展、完善相关规范体系具有重要意义。
关键词：钢结构防火；性能化设计；温度场模拟；防火涂层优化；火灾工况分析
ABSTRACT
With the development of modern architecture towards taller buildings and larger spans, steel structures have been widely applied in various construction projects due to their high strength, light self-weight, and convenient construction. However, the significant reduction in mechanical properties of steel under high-temperature conditions makes fire resistance a critical factor limiting its application. To enhance the fire endurance of steel structures, this study focuses on the fire protection design of steel structures and systematically investigates the load-bearing mechanisms and protective technologies under fire conditions. By integrating theoretical analysis with numerical simulation, a temperature field and stress field model for steel structures under fire scenarios was established using finite element software, and the reliability of the model was verified through experimental validation. The results indicate that different thicknesses of fireproof coatings significantly affect the temperature rise rate of steel structures, and the rational selection of coating parameters can effectively delay structural temperature increase while maintaining load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, this study proposes an optimization method based on performance-based design concepts, which enables the development of customized fire protection schemes according to building functional requirements and fire risk levels. This approach not only improves design efficiency but also substantially reduces material costs. The primary innovation of this study lies in introducing performance-based design thinking into the field of steel structure fire protection and developing numerical analysis tools suitable for complex conditions, providing scientific evidence and technical support for practical engineering applications. The research findings are of great significance for advancing steel structure fire protection technology and improving relevant standard systems.
Keywords: Steel Structure Fire Protection; Performance-Based Design; Temperature Field Simulation; Fireproof Coating Optimization; Fire Condition Analysis
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 钢结构防火设计的研究背景 1
1.2 钢结构防火设计的研究意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状分析 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 钢结构耐火性能分析 3
2.1 钢材高温力学性能研究 3
2.2 钢结构耐火极限评估方法 3
2.3 火灾下钢结构变形特性分析 4
2.4 耐火性能影响因素探讨 4
2.5 提高耐火性能的关键措施 5
第3章 钢结构防火保护技术研究 6
3.1 防火涂料的性能与应用 6
3.2 包覆材料的隔热效果分析 6
3.3 喷淋冷却系统的优化设计 7
3.4 新型防火技术的应用前景 7
3.5 防火保护方案的经济性评价 8
第4章 钢结构防火设计规范与实践 9
4.1 防火设计的基本原则与要求 9
4.2 国内外防火设计规范对比 9
4.3 典型工程案例分析与经验总结 10
4.4 防火设计中的常见问题及对策 10
4.5 未来防火设计的发展方向 11
结论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
