基于区块链的物联网设备安全认证机制研究

随着物联网技术的迅猛发展，海量设备接入网络带来了巨大的安全挑战，传统认证机制在应对分布式攻击、数据篡改和隐私保护等问题时逐渐显现出局限性。为解决这一问题，本文提出了一种基于区块链的物联网设备安全认证机制，旨在通过去中心化架构提升系统的安全性与可靠性。具体而言，该机制利用区块链的不可篡改性和智能合约技术，构建了一个透明且高效的认证框架，能够有效防止伪造身份和非法访问。研究中采用联盟链作为底层技术支持，结合轻量级加密算法优化计算开销，并设计了适用于资源受限设备的共识协议。实验结果表明，所提出的机制不仅显著提高了认证效率，还大幅降低了通信延迟和能耗，同时具备较强的抗攻击能力。此外，本文创新性地引入了动态信任评估模型，根据设备行为实时调整其信任等级，从而进一步增强了系统的鲁棒性。

关键词：区块链；物联网安全认证；联盟链；动态信任评估；轻量级加密算法


With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the massive connectivity of devices has introduced significant security challenges. Traditional authentication mechanisms are increasingly revealing limitations in addressing issues such as distributed attacks, data tampering, and privacy protection. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a blockchain-based security authentication mechanism for IoT devices, aiming to enhance system security and reliability through a decentralized architecture. Specifically, the mechanism leverages the immutability of blockchain and smart contract technology to construct a transparent and efficient authentication fr amework, effectively preventing identity forgery and unauthorized access. In this study, a consortium chain is adopted as the underlying technical support, combined with lightweight encryption algorithms to optimize computational overhead, while a consensus protocol tailored for resource-constrained devices is designed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism not only significantly improves authentication efficiency but also substantially reduces communication latency and energy consumption, exhibiting strong resistance to attacks. Additionally, this paper innovatively introduces a dynamic trust evaluation model that adjusts the trust level of devices in real time based on their behavior, further enhancing the robustness of the system.

KEY WORDS： Blockchain;Internet Of Things Security Authentication;Consortium Chain;Dynamic Trust Assessment;Lightweight Encryption Algorithm 
目    录

摘    要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  绪论 1
1.1  物联网设备安全认证的研究背景 1
1.2  区块链技术在安全认证中的意义 1
1.3  国内外研究现状与发展趋势 2
1.4  本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2  区块链技术基础与应用分析 2
2.1  区块链的核心技术原理 2
2.2  区块链在物联网中的适用性分析 3
2.3  区块链共识机制对安全认证的影响 4
2.4  智能合约在设备认证中的作用 4
2.5  区块链技术的局限性与改进方向 5
3  物联网设备安全认证需求与挑战 6
3.1  物联网设备的安全威胁分析 6
3.2  现有安全认证机制的不足 6
3.3  基于区块链的认证需求定义 7
3.4  数据隐私保护的技术要求 7
3.5  设备间信任建立的关键问题 8
4  基于区块链的物联网设备安全认证机制设计 9
4.1  认证机制的整体架构设计 9
4.2  区块链节点管理方案研究 9
4.3  设备身份验证的实现方法 10
4.4  数据完整性与防篡改机制设计 11
4.5  系统性能优化与安全性评估 11
结论 13
致    谢 14
参考文献 15


 

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