桥梁墩柱在地震作用下的抗震加固效果数值模拟分析 -土木工程专业

摘要

桥梁墩柱作为桥梁结构的关键承重构件，在地震作用下易发生破坏，严重影响桥梁的安全性和使用寿命。为提升其抗震性能，本文基于有限元分析方法，对不同加固方案下的桥梁墩柱在地震作用下的响应特性进行了数值模拟研究。研究选取典型钢筋混凝土墩柱为对象，分别采用碳纤维布加固、钢套筒外包加固及增设隔震支座等技术手段，通过建立精细化有限元模型并施加地震波输入，系统分析了各加固措施对墩柱位移、应力分布及能量耗散能力的影响。结果表明，碳纤维布加固可显著提高墩柱的抗拉性能，而钢套筒外包加固则在增强整体刚度和延性方面表现出色；增设隔震支座能够有效降低上部结构的地震响应。本研究创新性地对比了多种加固方案的适用场景与综合效益，并提出了基于性能目标的优化加固策略，为实际工程中的抗震加固设计提供了重要参考依据。研究成果不仅深化了对桥梁墩柱抗震性能的理解，还为提升桥梁结构在地震环境下的安全性与耐久性提供了理论支持和技术指导。

关键词：桥梁墩柱；抗震加固；有限元分析；碳纤维布加固；钢套筒外包加固；隔震支座；地震响应；性能优化

ABSTRACT

Bridge piers, as critical load-bearing components of bridge structures, are prone to damage under seismic actions, significantly affecting the safety and service life of bridges. To enhance their seismic performance, this study conducts a numerical simulation investigation based on finite element analysis methods, examining the response characteristics of bridge piers under seismic actions for various reinforcement schemes. A typical reinforced concrete pier is selected as the research ob ject, with carbon fiber sheet reinforcement, steel jacket external reinforcement, and the addition of seismic isolation bearings employed as technical means. By establishing detailed finite element models and applying seismic wave inputs, the study systematically analyzes the influence of each reinforcement measure on pier displacement, stress distribution, and energy dissipation capacity. The results indicate that carbon fiber sheet reinforcement can substantially improve the tensile performance of piers, while steel jacket external reinforcement demonstrates excellent performance in enhancing overall stiffness and ductility; the addition of seismic isolation bearings effectively reduces the seismic response of the superstructure. This research innovatively compares the applicability and comprehensive benefits of multiple reinforcement schemes and proposes an optimized reinforcement strategy based on performance ob jectives, providing significant reference for seismic reinforcement design in practical engineering. The findings not only deepen the understanding of the seismic performance of bridge piers but also offer theoretical support and technical guidance for improving the safety and durability of bridge structures in seismic environments.

Keywords: Bridge Pier; Seismic Strengthening; Finite Element Analysis; Carbon Fiber Sheet Strengthening; Steel Casing External Strengthening; Seismic Isolation Bearing; Earthquake Response; Performance Optimization

第1章绪论 1

1.1 桥梁墩柱抗震加固的研究背景与意义 1

1.2 国内外桥梁墩柱抗震加固研究现状 1

1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2

第2章地震作用下桥梁墩柱的力学特性分析 3

2.1 桥梁墩柱在地震作用下的受力机制 3

2.2 墩柱损伤模式与破坏机理研究 3

2.3 动力响应特征及其影响因素分析 4

第3章抗震加固技术对桥梁墩柱性能的影响 5

3.1 常见桥梁墩柱抗震加固方法概述 5

3.2 加固技术对墩柱承载能力的提升效果 5

3.3 加固后墩柱刚度与延性改善分析 6