基于废弃玻璃的功能材料制备 -应用化工技术(专）专业

摘要

废弃玻璃的大量堆积已成为全球性环境问题，其回收利用不仅有助于缓解资源短缺，还能减少环境污染。本研究旨在探索以废弃玻璃为原料制备功能材料的新途径，通过化学改性和物理加工相结合的方法，开发具有高附加值和特定功能的复合材料。具体而言，实验采用酸碱处理、高温烧结及纳米掺杂技术，对废弃玻璃进行结构调控与性能优化，成功制备出具备优异隔热、隔音及电磁屏蔽性能的功能材料。结果表明，经过改性的废弃玻璃基材料在热传导率、声学阻尼系数及电磁屏蔽效能等方面表现出显著提升，且其综合性能优于传统材料。此外，本研究提出了一种基于废弃玻璃的分级利用策略，实现了不同粒径组分的高效转化，从而最大限度地挖掘了废弃玻璃的价值。该方法具有工艺简单、成本低廉及环境友好等优势，为废弃玻璃的资源化利用提供了新思路。本研究的主要创新点在于首次将废弃玻璃作为功能性前驱体材料，并通过可控合成技术赋予其多功能特性，为固体废弃物的高值化利用开辟了新的方向。研究成果可为建筑、电子及航空航天等领域提供高性能材料解决方案，同时为实现可持续发展目标提供了重要参考。

关键词：废弃玻璃；功能材料；化学改性；电磁屏蔽；资源化利用

Abstract

The massive accumulation of waste glass has become a global environmental issue, and its recycling not only helps alleviate resource shortages but also reduces environmental pollution. This study aims to explore new approaches for preparing functional materials using waste glass as raw material, developing high-value-added and specific-function composites through a combination of chemical modification and physical processing. Specifically, the experiment employed acid-base treatment, high-temperature sintering, and nano-doping technology to regulate the structure and optimize the properties of waste glass, successfully fabricating functional materials with excellent thermal insulation, soundproofing, and electromagnetic shielding performance. The results indicate that the modified waste glass-based materials show significant improvements in thermal conductivity, acoustic damping coefficient, and electromagnetic shielding efficiency, with their overall performance surpassing that of traditional materials. Furthermore, this study proposes a hierarchical utilization strategy based on waste glass, achieving efficient conversion of different particle size fractions and thus maximizing the value of waste glass. This method features simplicity in process, low cost, and environmental friendliness, providing new insights into the resourceful utilization of waste glass. The primary innovation of this study lies in the first-time use of waste glass as a functional precursor material, endowing it with multifunctional characteristics through controllable synthesis technology, opening up new directions for the high-value utilization of solid waste. The research findings can offer high-performance material solutions for construction, electronics, and aerospace fields while providing critical references for achieving sustainable development goals..

Key Words：Abandoned Glass；Functional Materials；Chemical Modification；Electromagnetic Shielding；Resource Utilization

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章绪论 1

1.1 废弃玻璃资源化利用的背景与意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状分析 1

1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2

第2章废弃玻璃功能材料制备的基础理论 3

2.1 废弃玻璃的组成与特性分析 3

2.2 功能材料的基本原理与分类 3

2.3 制备过程中的关键科学问题 4

2.4 理论模型与计算模拟的应用 4