摘 要
随着全球能源需求的不断增长和环境问题的日益严峻，氢能作为一种清洁、高效的可再生能源备受关注，而电解水制氢技术因其高纯度和可持续性成为研究热点。然而，传统电解水催化剂存在成本高、效率低等问题，严重制约了其大规模应用。本研究旨在开发高效、低成本的新型电解水制氢催化剂，以提升催化性能并降低能耗。通过结合理论计算与实验验证，采用过渡金属化合物作为核心材料，设计并制备了一系列具有独特纳米结构的催化剂。研究中运用了先进的表征技术（如X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等）对催化剂的微观结构进行分析，并通过电化学测试评估其催化活性和稳定性。结果表明，所开发的催化剂在较低过电位下表现出优异的析氢反应（HER）性能，且在长时间运行中展现出良好的稳定性。此外，该催化剂的制备工艺简单、成本低廉，具备显著的工业化潜力。本研究的创新点在于提出了一种基于缺陷工程调控催化活性的新策略，有效提升了材料的电子传输能力和表面活性位点密度。这一成果为高效电解水制氢催化剂的设计提供了新思路，并为推动氢能技术的实际应用奠定了重要基础。
关键词：电解水制氢；过渡金属化合物；析氢反应；缺陷工程；催化剂稳定性
Abstract
With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasing severity of environmental issues, hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient renewable energy source, has attracted significant attention. Electrolysis of water for hydrogen production has become a research hotspot due to its high purity and sustainability. However, traditional electrocatalysts for water splitting suffer from problems such as high cost and low efficiency, which severely restrict their large-scale application. This study focuses on developing novel electrolytic hydrogen production catalysts with high efficiency and low cost to enhance catalytic performance and reduce energy consumption. By integrating theoretical calculations with experimental validation, a series of catalysts with unique nanostructures were designed and fabricated using transition me tal compounds as core materials. Advanced characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, were employed to analyze the microscopic structures of the catalysts, while their catalytic activity and stability were evaluated through electrochemical testing. The results demonstrate that the developed catalysts exhibit superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance at low overpotential and show excellent stability during long-term operation. Moreover, the preparation process of the catalyst is simple and cost-effective, presenting significant industrial potential. The innovation of this study lies in proposing a new strategy based on defect engineering to regulate catalytic activity, effectively enhancing the material's electronic transport capability and surface active site density. This achievement provides new insights into the design of highly efficient electrolytic hydrogen production catalysts and lays an important foundation for promoting the practical application of hydrogen energy technology.
Key Words：Electrolysis Of Water For Hydrogen Production；Transition me tal Compounds；Hydrogen Evolution Reaction；Defect Engineering；Catalyst Stability
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 高效电解水制氢催化剂的研究背景 1
1.2 高效电解水制氢催化剂的开发意义 1
1.3 国内外研究现状与发展趋势 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 催化剂材料的设计与选择 3
2.1 电解水反应机理分析 3
2.2 高效催化剂的关键性能指标 3
2.3 材料设计原则与理论指导 4
2.4 常见催化剂材料的优劣势对比 4
2.5 新型催化剂材料的探索方向 5
第3章 催化剂制备工艺优化 6
3.1 制备工艺对催化性能的影响 6
3.2 不同合成方法的技术特点 6
3.3 表面修饰与结构调控策略 7
3.4 工艺参数优化的实验设计 7
3.5 高效催化剂的规模化制备挑战 7
第4章 催化剂性能测试与评价 9
4.1 性能测试方法的选择与改进 9
4.2 电化学性能表征技术应用 9
4.3 催化剂稳定性评估方法 10
4.4 数据分析与结果讨论 10
4.5 提高测试准确性的关键因素 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
