敦煌愿文中的民间信仰与佛教中国化路径 -历史学专业

摘要

敦煌愿文作为敦煌文献的重要组成部分，集中体现了中古时期民间信仰与佛教文化的交融过程。本研究以敦煌愿文为切入点，探讨其在佛教中国化进程中的独特作用及意义。敦煌愿文不仅记录了普通民众的宗教诉求与生活理想，还展现了佛教教义如何在与中国传统信仰体系互动中实现本土化的过程。研究发现，愿文中的祈愿主题如家庭和睦、国泰民安等，深刻嵌入了儒家伦理与道教思想，形成了具有中国特色的佛教表达形式。这一现象表明，佛教在中国的传播并非单纯的文化移植，而是通过与本土信仰的深度融合实现了适应性发展。本研究的创新点在于首次从愿文的角度系统考察佛教中国化的路径，并提出“信仰调适”作为理解佛教本土化的核心机制。

关键词：敦煌愿文；佛教中国化；信仰调适；民间信仰；中古宗教文化

Folk Beliefs in Dunhuang Aspirational Texts and the Sinicization Path of Buddhism

英文人名

Directive teacher:×××

Abstract

As an important part of Dunhuang literature, Dunhuang Vow text embodies the blending process of folk belief and Buddhist culture in the Middle Ages. This study takes the Dunhuang votive text as the starting point to explore its unique role and significance in the process of Sinicization of Buddhism. Dunhuang Vows not only record the religious aspirations and life ideals of ordinary people, but also show how Buddhist teachings are localized in their interaction with traditional Chinese belief systems. It is found that the themes of prayer, such as family harmony, national prosperity and people's peace, are deeply embedded in Confucian ethics and Taoism, forming a Buddhist ex pression with Chinese characteristics. This phenomenon shows that the spread of Buddhism in China is not a simple cultural transplant, but through the deep integration with local beliefs to achieve adaptive development. The innovation of this study is that it is the first time to systematically examine the path of Sinicization of Buddhism from the perspective of wing-text, and put forward "belief adaptation" as the core mechanism to understand the localization of Buddhism.

Keywords: Dunhuang Vows；Sinicization Of Buddhism；Faith Adjustment；Folk Belief；Medieval Religious Culture

引言 1

一、敦煌愿文的历史背景与文化语境 1

(一)敦煌愿文的形成与发展 1

(二)愿文中的社会历史背景 2

(三)文化语境与佛教传播 2

二、民间信仰在敦煌愿文中的体现 3

(一)愿文中的神灵崇拜现象 3

(二)祈福禳灾的民间信仰表达 3

(三)民间信仰与佛教思想的融合 4

三、敦煌愿文中的佛教中国化特征 4

(一)佛教教义的本土化改造 4