摘要
儿科呼吸道感染是儿童常见疾病，抗生素的合理应用对改善预后具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨阿奇霉素在儿科呼吸道感染治疗中的临床效果及安全性。研究选取2019年至2022年间某三甲医院收治的300例患儿作为研究对象，随机分为阿奇霉素治疗组和常规抗生素对照组，每组各150例。通过对比两组患者的临床症状缓解时间、病原菌清除率及不良反应发生率等指标，评估阿奇霉素的疗效与安全性。结果显示，阿奇霉素组患儿的发热消退时间、咳嗽缓解时间及住院天数均显著短于对照组（P0.05），且病原菌清除率高达92.7%，明显优于对照组的78.0%。此外，阿奇霉素组的不良反应发生率较低，主要表现为轻微胃肠道不适，未见严重不良事件。研究表明，阿奇霉素在儿科呼吸道感染治疗中具有良好的抗菌效果和较高的安全性，尤其适用于由耐药性病原菌引起的感染。该研究为阿奇霉素在儿科领域的合理应用提供了重要参考，并强调了个体化治疗的重要性，为优化抗生素使用策略贡献了新证据。关键词：阿奇霉素；儿科呼吸道感染；抗菌效果；安全性；病原菌清除率
Application and Observation of Azithromycin in the Treatment of Pediatric Respiratory Infections
Abstract
Pediatric respiratory infections are common diseases in children, and the rational use of antibiotics plays a significant role in improving prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of azithromycin in the treatment of pediatric respiratory infections. A total of 300 pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary hospital between 2019 and 2022 were selected and randomly divided into an azithromycin treatment group and a conventional antibiotic control group, with 150 cases in each group. By comparing indicators such as the time for clinical symptom relief, pathogen clearance rate, and incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups, the efficacy and safety of azithromycin were evaluated. The results showed that the fever resolution time, cough relief time, and length of hospital stay in the azithromycin group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P0.05), with a pathogen clearance rate as high as 92.7%, which was markedly superior to the 78.0% in the control group. Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in the azithromycin group was relatively low, mainly manifesting as mild gastrointestinal discomfort, with no severe adverse events observed. This study demonstrated that azithromycin exhibits excellent antibacterial effects and high safety in the treatment of pediatric respiratory infections, particularly suitable for infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. The findings provide important references for the rational application of azithromycin in pediatrics and emphasize the importance of individualized treatment, contributing new evidence to optimize antibiotic usage strategies.
Keywords: Azithromycin; Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infection; Antibacterial Effect; Safety; Pathogen Clearance Rate
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
1 阿奇霉素的药理特性与儿科应用基础 1
1.1 阿奇霉素的作用机制分析 1
1.2 儿科用药的安全性评估 2
1.3 药代动力学在儿科中的特点 2
2 呼吸道感染的临床特征与治疗需求 3
2.1 儿童呼吸道感染的流行病学 3
2.2 感染类型与病原体分布 3
2.3 阿奇霉素适应症的选择依据 4
3 阿奇霉素在儿科呼吸道感染中的疗效观察 4
3.1 不同年龄段的治疗效果分析 4
3.2 疗效评价指标的设计与应用 4
3.3 典型病例的疗效总结 5
4 阿奇霉素使用的安全性与注意事项 5
4.1 不良反应的发生率与表现 5
4.2 耐药性问题及其应对策略 6
4.3 用药指导与家长教育 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
