摘 要
心力衰竭是一种高发的慢性心血管疾病，其病程长、复发率高且严重影响患者生活质量，家庭护理作为延续性医疗的重要组成部分，在改善患者预后中具有关键作用。本研究旨在探讨系统化家庭护理指导对心力衰竭患者生活质量的影响，并验证其可行性和有效性。研究采用随机对照试验设计，选取240例心力衰竭患者，分为干预组和对照组各120例，干预组接受为期6个月的个性化家庭护理指导，包括健康教育、症状监测、生活方式调整及心理支持，而对照组仅接受常规随访。通过明尼苏达心力衰竭生活质量量表（MLHFQ）和纽约心脏病协会（NYHA）心功能分级评估两组患者的生活质量和心功能变化。结果显示，干预组患者的MLHFQ评分显著降低，NYHA心功能分级明显改善，再住院率和急诊就诊次数也显著低于对照组。此外，干预组患者在自我管理能力和心理健康水平方面均有显著提升。关键词：心力衰竭，家庭护理，生活质量，个性化管理，自我管理能力
Abstract
Heart failure is a prevalent chronic cardiovascular disease, characterized by prolonged duration, high recurrence rates, and significant negative impacts on patients' quality of life. Family care, as a crucial component of continuous healthcare, plays a key role in improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of systematic family care guidance on the quality of life of heart failure patients and to validate its feasibility and effectiveness. A randomized controlled trial design was employed, involving 240 heart failure patients who were divided into an intervention group and a control group, each consisting of 120 participants. The intervention group received personalized family care guidance for six months, encompassing health education, symptom monitoring, lifestyle adjustments, and psychological support, while the control group only received routine follow-ups. The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification were used to evaluate changes in quality of life and cardiac function in both groups. The results demonstrated that the MLHFQ scores of the intervention group significantly decreased, their NYHA functional classification markedly improved, and their rates of rehospitalization and emergency department visits were significantly lower than those of the control group. Additionally, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in self-management ability and mental health levels.Key Words：Heart Failure, Home Care, Quality Of Life, Personalized Management, Self-Management Ability
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）心力衰竭患者护理的研究背景 1
（二）家庭护理对生活质量的意义 2
（三）国内外研究现状分析 2
二、心力衰竭患者的病情管理指导 3
（一）病情监测的关键指标分析 3
（二）药物管理的指导策略 5
（三）生活方式调整的建议 6
三、家庭护理的具体实施路径 7
（一）家庭环境的适配性改造 7
（二）护理人员的角色与职责划分 8
（三）患者及家属的心理支持机制 9
四、生活质量改善的评估与优化 10
（一）生活质量评估指标体系构建 10
（二）家庭护理效果的量化分析 11
（三）改善方案的持续优化策略 12
结论 14
参考文献 15
致 谢 17
