摘 要
睡眠-觉醒周期的调节对于维持人体正常生理功能至关重要，中枢神经系统药物在其中发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在探讨不同类型的中枢神经系统药物对睡眠-觉醒周期的具体调节作用及其机制。通过系统综述和荟萃分析的方法，收集了近十年来关于中枢神经系统药物与睡眠-觉醒周期关系的研究文献，并选取具有代表性的药物进行深入分析。结果表明，兴奋剂类药物如莫达非尼可显著缩短入睡潜伏期、减少慢波睡眠时间，而镇静催眠药如佐匹克隆则能延长总睡眠时间、增加浅睡眠比例。抗抑郁药中的选择性5 - 羟色胺再摄取抑制剂不仅影响快速眼动睡眠时相，还可能改变睡眠结构。此外，γ - 氨基丁酸受体激动剂在改善睡眠质量方面表现出独特优势。本研究创新性地对比多种药物的作用效果，为临床合理用药提供了理论依据，有助于优化治疗方案以更好地调节患者的睡眠 - 觉醒周期，提高患者的生活质量。
关键词：睡眠-觉醒周期；中枢神经系统药物；莫达非尼
Abstract
The regulation of the sleep-wake cycle is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions, and central nervous system (CNS) drugs play a significant role in this process. This study aims to investigate the specific regulatory effects and mechanisms of different types of CNS drugs on the sleep-wake cycle. By employing systematic review and me ta-analysis methods, we collected research literature from the past decade concerning the relationship between CNS drugs and the sleep-wake cycle, focusing on representative drugs for in-depth analysis. The results indicate that stimulant drugs such as modafinil significantly shorten sleep latency and reduce slow-wave sleep duration, while sedative-hypnotic drugs like zopiclone prolong total sleep time and increase the proportion of light sleep. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of antidepressants, not only affect the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phase but may also alter sleep architecture. Additionally, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonists demonstrate unique advantages in improving sleep quality. This study innovatively compares the effects of multiple drugs, providing a theoretical basis for rational clinical drug use, which aids in optimizing treatment regimens to better regulate patients' sleep-wake cycles and enhance their quality of life.
Keywords：Sleep-Wake Cycle；Central Nervous System Drugs；Modafinil
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 睡眠-觉醒周期的生理基础 2
1.1 睡眠周期的神经调控机制 2
1.2 觉醒状态的维持机制 2
1.3 睡眠与觉醒转换的关键因素 3
第二章 中枢神经系统药物的作用靶点 5
2.1 药物对神经递质的影响 5
2.2 药物对受体的调节作用 5
2.3 药物对离子通道的调控 6
第三章 中枢神经系统药物对睡眠的调节 7
3.1 促进睡眠的药物机制 7
3.2 改善睡眠质量的药物途径 7
3.3 治疗失眠症的药物选择 8
第四章 中枢神经系统药物对觉醒的调节 9
4.1 提高觉醒水平的药物机制 9
4.2 治疗嗜睡症的药物应用 9
4.3 药物对昼夜节律的影响 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
致 谢 13
