摘 要
脑卒中作为全球范围内常见的神经系统疾病，具有高发病率、高致残率和高死亡率的特点，给患者家庭及社会带来沉重负担。为改善脑卒中患者的康复效果，本研究旨在探讨系统化康复护理措施对脑卒中患者功能恢复的影响。选取某三甲医院神经内科2019年1月至2021年12月收治的300例脑卒中患者作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各150例，对照组接受常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施包括早期肢体功能训练、吞咽功能训练、语言功能训练、心理干预等在内的综合康复护理措施。经过为期3个月的干预，采用Barthel指数评定量表、Fugl - Meyer运动功能评定量表、改良Ashworth痉挛评定量表等评估两组患者的功能恢复情况。结果显示，观察组患者在日常生活活动能力、肢体运动功能、肌张力等方面均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。这表明综合康复护理措施能够有效促进脑卒中患者的功能恢复，提高其生活质量。本研究创新性地将多种康复训练方法有机结合，形成一套完整的康复护理体系，为临床脑卒中患者的康复护理提供了新的思路和方法，有助于推动脑卒中康复护理朝着更加科学、规范的方向发展。
关键词：脑卒中康复；综合康复护理；功能恢复；日常生活活动能力；肌张力评估
Abstract
Stroke, a common neurological disorder worldwide, is characterized by high incidence, disability, and mortality rates, imposing a heavy burden on patients' families and society. To improve the rehabilitation outcomes of stroke patients, this study aimed to investigate the impact of systematic rehabilitation nursing measures on functional recovery in stroke patients. A total of 300 stroke patients admitted to the Department of Neurology at a tertiary hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as research subjects and divided into observation and control groups of 150 cases each using a random number table method. The control group received routine care, while the observation group underwent comprehensive rehabilitation nursing measures, including early limb function training, swallowing function training, speech function training, and psychological intervention, in addition to routine care. After a three-month intervention period, the functional recovery of patients in both groups was evaluated using the Barthel Index, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Function, and Modified Ashworth Scale for spasticity. The results showed that patients in the observation group exhibited superior performance in activities of daily living, limb motor function, and muscle tone compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (P0.05). This indicates that comprehensive rehabilitation nursing measures can effectively promote functional recovery and improve the quality of life for stroke patients. Innovatively combining multiple rehabilitation training methods into an integrated rehabilitation nursing system, this study provides new insights and approaches for clinical rehabilitation nursing of stroke patients, contributing to the advancement of stroke rehabilitation nursing towards a more scientific and standardized direction.
Keywords：Stroke Rehabilitation；Comprehensive Rehabilitation Nursing；Functional Recovery；Activities Of Daily Living Ability；Muscle Tone Assessment
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 脑卒中康复护理概述 2
1.1 脑卒中的流行病学特征 2
1.2 康复护理的基本原则 2
1.3 国内外研究现状分析 3
第二章 早期康复护理措施 5
2.1 急性期生命体征监测 5
2.2 早期活动与体位管理 5
2.3 预防并发症的护理 6
第三章 功能恢复护理策略 7
3.1 运动功能康复训练 7
3.2 日常生活能力训练 7
3.3 心理支持与辅导 8
第四章 社区与家庭康复指导 10
4.1 出院后延续护理 10
4.2 家庭环境适应改造 10
4.3 社区资源利用整合 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
