摘 要
肿瘤放射治疗是恶性肿瘤综合治疗的重要手段，但放疗过程中患者皮肤易出现不同程度的损伤，影响治疗效果及患者生活质量。为探讨有效的皮肤护理措施以减轻放疗所致皮肤不良反应，本研究选取某院2018年1月至2021年12月收治的240例接受放疗的肿瘤患者作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各120例，对照组采用常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施个性化、系统化的皮肤护理干预，包括放疗前对患者进行健康教育，使其了解可能出现的皮肤问题及应对方法；放疗中密切观察皮肤状况，根据皮肤反应程度采取针对性护理措施，如合理选择护肤用品、保持照射野皮肤清洁干燥等；放疗后持续关注皮肤恢复情况并给予相应指导。结果显示，观察组患者皮肤不良反应发生率明显低于对照组，其中I级皮肤反应发生率观察组为35.00%，对照组为60.00%，II级及以上皮肤反应发生率观察组为10.00%，对照组为25.00%，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。同时，观察组患者对护理工作的满意度为95.00%，高于对照组的75.00%（P0.05）。结论：个性化、系统化的皮肤护理干预可有效降低肿瘤放疗患者皮肤不良反应的发生率，提高患者对护理工作的满意度，有助于改善患者的生活质量，为临床护理工作提供新的思路和方法，此研究创新性地将个性化护理理念融入到肿瘤放疗患者的皮肤护理中，强调了护理措施的针对性和全程性，主要贡献在于为提高肿瘤放疗患者皮肤护理质量提供了实践依据。
关键词：肿瘤放射治疗；皮肤护理干预；个性化护理；皮肤不良反应；患者满意度
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an essential component of comprehensive treatment for malignant tumors, but patients often experience varying degrees of skin damage during the course of radiotherapy, which can affect treatment outcomes and quality of life. To investigate effective skin care measures to mitigate radiotherapy-induced skin adverse reactions, this study selected 240 cancer patients who received radiotherapy at a hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 as research subjects. These patients were divided into an observation group and a control group, each comprising 120 cases, using a random number table method. The control group received routine care, while the observation group underwent personalized and systematic skin care interventions in addition to routine care. These interventions included health education before radiotherapy to inform patients about potential skin issues and coping strategies; close monitoring of skin conditions during radiotherapy with targeted care measures based on the degree of skin reaction, such as selecting appropriate skincare products and maintaining clean and dry irradiated skin areas; and continuous attention to skin recovery after radiotherapy along with corresponding guidance. Results showed that the incidence of skin adverse reactions was significantly lower in the observation group compared to the control group. Specifically, the incidence of grade I skin reactions was 35.00% in the observation group versus 60.00% in the control group, and the incidence of grade II or higher skin reactions was 10.00% in the observation group compared to 25.00% in the control group, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P0.05). Additionally, patient satisfaction with nursing care was 95.00% in the observation group, higher than 75.00% in the control group (P0.05). In conclusion, personalized and systematic skin care interventions can effectively reduce the incidence of skin adverse reactions in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, enhance patient satisfaction with nursing care, and improve quality of life. This study innovatively integrates personalized care concepts into the skin care of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, emphasizing the specificity and comprehensiveness of nursing measures throughout the entire process. Its main contribution lies in providing practical evidence to improve the quality of skin care for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Keywords：Tumor Radiotherapy；Skin Care Intervention；Personalized Nursing；Skin Adverse Reactions；Patient Satisfaction
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 放疗皮肤损伤机制与护理 2
1.1 放疗致皮肤损伤的病理生理 2
1.2 皮肤损伤分期与临床表现 2
1.3 预防性护理措施的重要性 3
第二章 皮肤护理评估与监测 5
2.1 患者个体差异评估 5
2.2 皮肤状况动态监测方法 5
2.3 护理记录与效果评价 6
第三章 综合性皮肤护理干预 8
3.1 清洁与保湿护理要点 8
3.2 局部用药的选择与应用 8
3.3 物理防护措施实施 9
第四章 心理支持与健康教育 11
4.1 患者心理状态分析 11
4.2 皮肤护理知识宣教 11
4.3 自我护理能力培养 12
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
肿瘤放射治疗是恶性肿瘤综合治疗的重要手段，但放疗过程中患者皮肤易出现不同程度的损伤，影响治疗效果及患者生活质量。为探讨有效的皮肤护理措施以减轻放疗所致皮肤不良反应，本研究选取某院2018年1月至2021年12月收治的240例接受放疗的肿瘤患者作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各120例，对照组采用常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施个性化、系统化的皮肤护理干预，包括放疗前对患者进行健康教育，使其了解可能出现的皮肤问题及应对方法；放疗中密切观察皮肤状况，根据皮肤反应程度采取针对性护理措施，如合理选择护肤用品、保持照射野皮肤清洁干燥等；放疗后持续关注皮肤恢复情况并给予相应指导。结果显示，观察组患者皮肤不良反应发生率明显低于对照组，其中I级皮肤反应发生率观察组为35.00%，对照组为60.00%，II级及以上皮肤反应发生率观察组为10.00%，对照组为25.00%，两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。同时，观察组患者对护理工作的满意度为95.00%，高于对照组的75.00%（P0.05）。结论：个性化、系统化的皮肤护理干预可有效降低肿瘤放疗患者皮肤不良反应的发生率，提高患者对护理工作的满意度，有助于改善患者的生活质量，为临床护理工作提供新的思路和方法，此研究创新性地将个性化护理理念融入到肿瘤放疗患者的皮肤护理中，强调了护理措施的针对性和全程性，主要贡献在于为提高肿瘤放疗患者皮肤护理质量提供了实践依据。
关键词：肿瘤放射治疗；皮肤护理干预；个性化护理；皮肤不良反应；患者满意度
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an essential component of comprehensive treatment for malignant tumors, but patients often experience varying degrees of skin damage during the course of radiotherapy, which can affect treatment outcomes and quality of life. To investigate effective skin care measures to mitigate radiotherapy-induced skin adverse reactions, this study selected 240 cancer patients who received radiotherapy at a hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 as research subjects. These patients were divided into an observation group and a control group, each comprising 120 cases, using a random number table method. The control group received routine care, while the observation group underwent personalized and systematic skin care interventions in addition to routine care. These interventions included health education before radiotherapy to inform patients about potential skin issues and coping strategies; close monitoring of skin conditions during radiotherapy with targeted care measures based on the degree of skin reaction, such as selecting appropriate skincare products and maintaining clean and dry irradiated skin areas; and continuous attention to skin recovery after radiotherapy along with corresponding guidance. Results showed that the incidence of skin adverse reactions was significantly lower in the observation group compared to the control group. Specifically, the incidence of grade I skin reactions was 35.00% in the observation group versus 60.00% in the control group, and the incidence of grade II or higher skin reactions was 10.00% in the observation group compared to 25.00% in the control group, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P0.05). Additionally, patient satisfaction with nursing care was 95.00% in the observation group, higher than 75.00% in the control group (P0.05). In conclusion, personalized and systematic skin care interventions can effectively reduce the incidence of skin adverse reactions in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, enhance patient satisfaction with nursing care, and improve quality of life. This study innovatively integrates personalized care concepts into the skin care of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, emphasizing the specificity and comprehensiveness of nursing measures throughout the entire process. Its main contribution lies in providing practical evidence to improve the quality of skin care for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Keywords：Tumor Radiotherapy；Skin Care Intervention；Personalized Nursing；Skin Adverse Reactions；Patient Satisfaction
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 放疗皮肤损伤机制与护理 2
1.1 放疗致皮肤损伤的病理生理 2
1.2 皮肤损伤分期与临床表现 2
1.3 预防性护理措施的重要性 3
第二章 皮肤护理评估与监测 5
2.1 患者个体差异评估 5
2.2 皮肤状况动态监测方法 5
2.3 护理记录与效果评价 6
第三章 综合性皮肤护理干预 8
3.1 清洁与保湿护理要点 8
3.2 局部用药的选择与应用 8
3.3 物理防护措施实施 9
第四章 心理支持与健康教育 11
4.1 患者心理状态分析 11
4.2 皮肤护理知识宣教 11
4.3 自我护理能力培养 12
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
