摘 要
随着我国人口老龄化进程加快，老年患者腹部手术数量逐年增加，其术后并发症发生率较高且复杂多样，严重影响患者预后。为此，本研究旨在探讨老年患者腹部手术近期并发症的预防及护理措施。本研究选取某三甲医院2018年1月至2022年12月期间行腹部手术的老年患者300例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各150例，对照组采用常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施综合护理干预措施，包括术前全面评估患者身体状况、心理状态并进行针对性健康教育，术中密切监测生命体征、维持内环境稳定，术后加强呼吸道管理、疼痛护理、早期活动指导等。结果表明，观察组患者切口感染、肺部感染、深静脉血栓等近期并发症发生率明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。这说明针对老年患者腹部手术制定个性化、系统化的预防及护理措施可有效降低近期并发症发生率，提高患者生活质量，缩短住院时间，减轻家庭和社会负担，为临床护理工作提供新的思路与方法，创新点在于将多学科知识融合于护理干预之中，从多个维度保障患者安全，主要贡献是为改善老年患者腹部手术预后提供了切实可行的护理方案。
关键词：腹部手术并发症；老年患者护理；综合护理干预；术后并发症预防；多学科护理措施
Abstract
With the acceleration of population aging in China, the number of elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery has been increasing annually. These patients have a high and diverse incidence of postoperative complications, which significantly affects their prognosis. This study aims to investigate preventive and nursing measures for short-term complications following abdominal surgery in elderly patients. A total of 300 elderly patients who underwent abdominal surgery at a tertiary hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as subjects and divided into an observation group and a control group of 150 patients each using a random number table method. The control group received routine care, while the observation group was provided with comprehensive nursing interventions based on routine care, including preoperative comprehensive assessment of physical and psychological status along with targeted health education, intraoperative close monitoring of vital signs and maintenance of internal environmental stability, and postoperative enhanced respiratory management, pain care, and early activity guidance. The results showed that the incidence rates of incisional infection, pulmonary infection, and deep vein thrombosis in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P0.05). This indicates that personalized and systematic preventive and nursing measures tailored for elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery can effectively reduce the incidence of short-term complications, improve quality of life, shorten hospital stays, and alleviate the burden on families and society. The innovation lies in integrating multidisciplinary knowledge into nursing interventions to ensure patient safety from multiple dimensions. The main contribution is providing a practical nursing plan to improve the prognosis of elderly patients after abdominal surgery.
Keywords：Abdominal Surgery Complications；Elderly Patient Care；Comprehensive Nursing Intervention；Postoperative Complication Prevention；Multidisciplinary Nursing Measures
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 老年患者术前评估与准备 2
1.1 术前健康状况评估 2
1.2 术前营养状态优化 2
1.3 心理支持与术前教育 3
第二章 手术期间的监护与管理 5
2.1 围手术期体温管理 5
2.2 麻醉风险控制措施 5
2.3 手术操作规范性保障 6
第三章 术后早期并发症预防 7
3.1 呼吸系统并发症预防 7
3.2 血栓栓塞性疾病防范 7
3.3 感染防控策略实施 8
第四章 康复护理与出院指导 9
4.1 术后疼痛管理方案 9
4.2 功能锻炼与康复训练 9
4.3 出院后延续护理计划 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
随着我国人口老龄化进程加快，老年患者腹部手术数量逐年增加，其术后并发症发生率较高且复杂多样，严重影响患者预后。为此，本研究旨在探讨老年患者腹部手术近期并发症的预防及护理措施。本研究选取某三甲医院2018年1月至2022年12月期间行腹部手术的老年患者300例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各150例，对照组采用常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施综合护理干预措施，包括术前全面评估患者身体状况、心理状态并进行针对性健康教育，术中密切监测生命体征、维持内环境稳定，术后加强呼吸道管理、疼痛护理、早期活动指导等。结果表明，观察组患者切口感染、肺部感染、深静脉血栓等近期并发症发生率明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。这说明针对老年患者腹部手术制定个性化、系统化的预防及护理措施可有效降低近期并发症发生率，提高患者生活质量，缩短住院时间，减轻家庭和社会负担，为临床护理工作提供新的思路与方法，创新点在于将多学科知识融合于护理干预之中，从多个维度保障患者安全，主要贡献是为改善老年患者腹部手术预后提供了切实可行的护理方案。
关键词：腹部手术并发症；老年患者护理；综合护理干预；术后并发症预防；多学科护理措施
Abstract
With the acceleration of population aging in China, the number of elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery has been increasing annually. These patients have a high and diverse incidence of postoperative complications, which significantly affects their prognosis. This study aims to investigate preventive and nursing measures for short-term complications following abdominal surgery in elderly patients. A total of 300 elderly patients who underwent abdominal surgery at a tertiary hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were selected as subjects and divided into an observation group and a control group of 150 patients each using a random number table method. The control group received routine care, while the observation group was provided with comprehensive nursing interventions based on routine care, including preoperative comprehensive assessment of physical and psychological status along with targeted health education, intraoperative close monitoring of vital signs and maintenance of internal environmental stability, and postoperative enhanced respiratory management, pain care, and early activity guidance. The results showed that the incidence rates of incisional infection, pulmonary infection, and deep vein thrombosis in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P0.05). This indicates that personalized and systematic preventive and nursing measures tailored for elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery can effectively reduce the incidence of short-term complications, improve quality of life, shorten hospital stays, and alleviate the burden on families and society. The innovation lies in integrating multidisciplinary knowledge into nursing interventions to ensure patient safety from multiple dimensions. The main contribution is providing a practical nursing plan to improve the prognosis of elderly patients after abdominal surgery.
Keywords：Abdominal Surgery Complications；Elderly Patient Care；Comprehensive Nursing Intervention；Postoperative Complication Prevention；Multidisciplinary Nursing Measures
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 老年患者术前评估与准备 2
1.1 术前健康状况评估 2
1.2 术前营养状态优化 2
1.3 心理支持与术前教育 3
第二章 手术期间的监护与管理 5
2.1 围手术期体温管理 5
2.2 麻醉风险控制措施 5
2.3 手术操作规范性保障 6
第三章 术后早期并发症预防 7
3.1 呼吸系统并发症预防 7
3.2 血栓栓塞性疾病防范 7
3.3 感染防控策略实施 8
第四章 康复护理与出院指导 9
4.1 术后疼痛管理方案 9
4.2 功能锻炼与康复训练 9
4.3 出院后延续护理计划 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
