高空抛物侵权责任认定与赔偿问题 -法学专业

摘要

高空抛物行为严重威胁公共安全，引发诸多侵权责任纠纷，亟待深入研究其责任认定与赔偿问题。本文旨在探讨高空抛物侵权责任的构成要件、归责原则及赔偿范围等关键议题，以期为司法实践提供理论支持。通过对国内外相关法律法规、司法解释以及典型案例的系统梳理，结合侵权责任法基本原理，运用比较分析和实证研究方法，剖析高空抛物侵权行为的特点及其法律适用难点。研究表明，在责任认定方面，应明确建筑物管理人、使用人的过错推定责任，强化物业公司的安全保障义务；在赔偿问题上，需综合考量受害人的损害程度、加害人的经济状况等因素，合理确定赔偿数额。创新之处在于提出构建多元化的责任分担机制，引入保险制度作为补充救济途径，既保障受害人权益又能平衡各方利益。此外，建议完善立法，细化规则，增强可操作性，为解决高空抛物侵权案件提供更加科学合理的法律依据。

关键词：高空抛物侵权责任责任认定

Abstract

The act of throwing ob jects from heights poses a significant threat to public safety and has led to numerous tort liability disputes, necessitating an in-depth study of liability determination and compensation issues. This paper aims to explore key issues such as the constitutive elements, attribution principles, and scope of compensation concerning tort liabilities arising from ob jects thrown from heights, thereby providing theoretical support for judicial practice. By systematically reviewing relevant domestic and international laws, judicial interpretations, and landmark cases, and combining these with fundamental principles of tort liability law, this study employs comparative analysis and empirical research methods to analyze the characteristics of tortious acts involving ob jects thrown from heights and the challenges in their legal application. Research findings indicate that in terms of liability determination, it is essential to establish the presumed fault liability of building managers and users while reinforcing the duty of care of property management companies. Regarding compensation issues, factors such as the extent of damage to victims and the financial status of perpetrators should be comprehensively considered to reasonably determine compensation amounts. An innovative aspect of this study is the proposal to construct a diversified liability-sharing mechanism and introduce insurance systems as supplementary relief channels, ensuring protection of victims' rights while balancing interests among all parties. Additionally, it is recommended to improve legislation, refine rules, and enhance operability to provide more scientifically sound and reasonable legal grounds for resolving tort cases involving ob jects thrown from heights.

Keyword:High-Altitude Littering Tort Liability Liability Determination

1绪论 5

1.1高空抛物侵权责任认定的背景与意义 5

1.2国内外研究现状综述 5

1.3本文研究方法与创新点 6

2高空抛物侵权行为的构成要件 6

2.1行为人的主观过错分析 6

2.2抛掷物致害行为的客观表现 7

2.3因果关系的判定标准 7

2.4特殊情形下的责任归属 8

3高空抛物侵权责任的主体认定 9

3.1直接侵权人的确定原则 9