摘 要
光伏发电作为一种清洁、可再生的能源形式，在全球能源转型中发挥着重要作用。然而，光伏系统的输出功率受环境因素影响较大，最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）算法是提高光伏系统效率的关键技术。本文旨在比较不同MPPT算法的性能并提出优化方案。首先对传统MPPT算法如扰动观察法、电导增量法等进行分析，指出其在复杂环境下的局限性；然后引入智能优化算法，如粒子群优化算法和遗传算法，并将其与传统算法结合，形成混合型MPPT算法。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台搭建光伏系统模型，模拟不同光照强度、温度条件下的运行情况，对比各算法的动态响应速度、稳态精度及抗干扰能力。研究结果表明，混合型MPPT算法在多种工况下均表现出更优的性能，不仅提高了最大功率点跟踪的准确性，还增强了系统的鲁棒性。此外，该算法有效解决了传统方法在快速变化环境下容易出现振荡的问题，为实际工程应用提供了理论依据和技术支持，对提升光伏系统的整体发电效率具有重要意义。
关键词：光伏发电 最大功率点跟踪 混合型MPPT算法
Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation, as a clean and renewable energy form, plays a crucial role in global energy transition. However, the output power of PV systems is significantly influenced by environmental factors, and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is a key technology for improving the efficiency of PV systems. This study aims to compare the performance of different MPPT algorithms and propose optimization solutions. Traditional MPPT algorithms such as the Perturbation and Observation (P) method and the Incremental Conductance (IncCond) method are analyzed first, highlighting their limitations in complex environments. Subsequently, intelligent optimization algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) are introduced and integrated with traditional algorithms to form hybrid MPPT algorithms. A PV system model is established on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform to simulate operation under varying irradiance and temperature conditions. The dynamic response speed, steady-state accuracy, and disturbance rejection capability of each algorithm are compared. Research results indicate that the hybrid MPPT algorithms exhibit superior performance across multiple operating conditions, enhancing the accuracy of maximum power point tracking and system robustness. Moreover, this approach effectively addresses the oscillation issues common in traditional methods under rapidly changing conditions, providing theoretical support and technical guidance for practical engineering applications, which is significant for improving the overall power generation efficiency of PV systems.
Keyword:Photovoltaic Power Generation Maximum Power Point Tracking (Mppt) Hybrid Mppt Algorithm
目 录
引言 1
1MPPT算法基础理论 1
1.1光伏发电系统原理 1
2常见MPPT算法分析 3
2.1恒定电压法研究 3
2.2扰动观察法探讨 3
2.3电导增量法解析 3
3MPPT算法优化方法 4
3.1神经网络优化策略 4
3.2模糊控制优化方案 4
3.3自适应算法改进措施 5
4MPPT算法应用与比较 5
4.1不同环境下的算法表现 5
4.2算法稳定性对比分析 6
4.3经济效益与实用性评估 6
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
