摘 要
本研究针对农业生产中土传病害防治难题，系统评估了植物源杀菌剂对主要土传病原菌的抑制效果及其田间应用潜力。通过室内毒力测定、盆栽试验和田间小区试验相结合的方法，测定了5种植物提取物对尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌等4种常见土传病原菌的抑菌活性及防治效果。结果表明，丁香酚和肉桂醛复配制剂表现出显著的协同增效作用，其对尖孢镰刀菌的EC50值达到12.3μg/mL，较单一成分降低47.6%。盆栽试验显示，0.5%复配制剂处理组对番茄枯萎病的防效达78.2%，显著优于常规化学药剂处理组。田间试验进一步证实，该制剂可有效降低土壤中病原菌数量，提高作物产量15%-20%，且对土壤微生物群落结构无显著负面影响。研究创新性地构建了植物源杀菌剂复配体系，明确了其作用机制与施用技术，为开发环境友好型土传病害防控产品提供了理论依据和技术支撑。研究成果对减少化学农药使用、促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义。
关键词：植物源杀菌剂；土传病害防治；协同增效作用；尖孢镰刀菌
EVALUATION OF THE CONTROL EFFECT OF PLANT FUNGICIDES ON SOIL-BORNE DISEASES
ABSTRACT
Aiming at the difficult problem of soil-borne disease control in agricultural production, this study systematically evaluated the inhibition effect of plant-derived fungicides on major soil-borne pathogens and their field application potential. The antibacterial activity and control effect of 5 plant extracts against 4 common soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia fusarium were measured by laboratory virulence test, pot test and field plot test. The results showed that the combination of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde showed significant synergistic effect, and the EC50 value of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde against Fusarium oxysporum reached 12.3μg/mL, which was 47.6% lower than that of single ingredient. Pot experiment showed that the control effect of 0.5% compound preparation on tomato wilt was 78.2%, which was significantly better than that of conventional chemical treatment group. Field tests further confirmed that the preparation could effectively reduce the number of pathogens in soil, increase crop yield by 15%-20%, and had no significant negative effects on soil microbial community structure. The research innovatively constructed a compound system of plant-derived fungicides, clarified its mechanism of action and application technology, and provided theoretical basis and technical support for the development of environment-friendly soil-borne disease prevention and control products. The research results are of great significance for reducing the use of chemical pesticides and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
KEY WORDS：Plant fungicide; Soil-borne diseases control; Synergistic effect; Fusarium oxysporum
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景及意义 2
1.2 植物源杀菌剂防治土传病害的研究现状 2
第2章 植物源杀菌剂的活性成分分析 3
2.1 主要活性成分的提取与鉴定 3
2.2 活性成分对病原菌的抑制作用机制 3
2.3 不同植物源杀菌剂的活性成分比较 3
第3章 植物源杀菌剂的田间应用效果评估 5
3.1 试验设计与方法 5
3.2 不同作物土传病害的防治效果分析 5
3.3 环境因素对防治效果的影响评估 6
第4章 植物源杀菌剂的应用前景与优化策略 8
4.1 植物源杀菌剂的优势与局限性分析 8
4.2 提高防治效果的配方优化研究 8
4.3 植物源杀菌剂的推广应用策略 9
第5章 结论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
