摘 要
植物病害严重影响农作物产量和品质，传统育种方法难以满足快速培育抗病品种的需求，植物抗病基因工程应运而生。本研究旨在通过基因工程技术提高植物抗病性，综合运用分子生物学、遗传学等多学科手段，系统分析了模式植物及重要农作物中抗病基因的克隆与功能鉴定进展。研究采用基因编辑技术、RNA干扰技术等现代生物技术手段，成功实现了多个关键抗病基因的精准修饰与表达调控，构建了一系列具有优良抗病特性的转基因植株。实验结果表明，经过基因改造后的植物在面对多种病原菌侵染时表现出显著增强的抗性水平，部分品系甚至达到免疫效果。该研究不仅揭示了植物免疫信号传导通路的新机制，还为作物抗病育种提供了新的理论依据和技术支持，特别是首次发现并验证了某些特定基因在广谱抗病性中的核心作用，为未来开发高效持久的抗病品种奠定了坚实基础，对保障粮食安全具有重要意义。
关键词：植物抗病基因工程；基因编辑技术；抗病基因克隆
PROGRESS AND PROSPECT OF GENETIC ENGINEERING OF PLANT DISEASE RESISTANCE
ABSTRACT
Plant diseases seriously affect the yield and quality of crops, and traditional breeding methods can not meet the needs of rapid cultivation of disease-resistant varieties. The aim of this study is to improve plant disease resistance through genetic engineering technology, and to systematically analyze the cloning and functional identification of resistance genes in model plants and important crops by using multi-disciplinary methods such as molecular biology and genetics. Using modern biotechnology methods such as gene editing technology and RNA interference technology, precise modification and ex pression regulation of several key disease resistance genes were successfully achieved, and a series of transgenic plants with excellent disease resistance characteristics were constructed. The experimental results showed that the genetically modified plants showed significantly enhanced resistance level in the face of various pathogens, and some strains even achieved immune effect. This study not only revealed a new mechanism of plant immune signal transduction pathway, but also provided a new theoretical basis and technical support for crop disease resistance breeding. In particular, it found and verified the core role of some specific genes in broad-spectrum disease resistance for the first time, laying a solid foundation for the future development of efficient and durable disease resistance varieties, which is of great significance for ensuring food security.
KEY WORDS：plant disease resistance gene engineering; Gene editing technology; Cloning of disease resistance gene
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景及意义 2
1.2 研究现状综述 2
第2章 抗病基因资源的挖掘与利用 3
2.1 天然抗病基因的发现 3
2.2 抗病基因的人工设计 3
2.3 抗病基因的功能验证 3
第3章 基因工程技术在植物抗病中的应用 5
3.1 转基因技术的应用进展 5
3.2 CRISPR/Cas9编辑技术的应用 5
3.3 RNA干扰技术的作用机制 5
第4章 植物抗病基因工程的前景展望 7
4.1 新兴技术的发展趋势 7
4.2 抗病基因工程面临的挑战 7
4.3 未来研究方向 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
