摘 要
转基因作物在植物保护中的潜力与挑战研究聚焦于现代农业面临的病虫害威胁及传统防治手段的局限性，随着全球人口增长和气候变化加剧，提高农作物产量和质量成为亟待解决的问题。本研究旨在系统评估转基因技术在植物保护领域的应用前景，通过文献综述、田间试验和实验室分析相结合的方法，探讨了抗虫、抗病、耐除草剂等不同类型的转基因作物特性及其对生态环境的影响。研究发现，转基因作物能够显著降低化学农药使用量，减少环境污染，同时提高作物产量和品质；其内置的防御机制可有效抵御特定病虫害侵袭，增强作物抗逆性。然而，转基因作物也面临基因漂移、非靶标生物影响以及公众接受度等挑战。本研究创新性地提出了基于风险评估的转基因作物管理框架，强调生态安全监测的重要性，并为相关政策制定提供了科学依据。研究结果表明，在严格监管下合理利用转基因技术，可以为实现农业可持续发展提供有效途径，既保障粮食安全又兼顾环境保护。
关键词：转基因作物；植物保护；生态影响
POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS IN PLANT PROTECTION
ABSTRACT
Research on the potential and challenges of GM crops in plant protection focuses on the threats of pests and diseases in modern agriculture and the limitations of traditional control methods. As global population growth and climate change intensify, improving crop yield and quality becomes an urgent issue. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the application prospects of transgenic technology in the field of plant protection. Through the method of literature review, field experiment and laboratory analysis, the characteristics of different types of transgenic crops such as insect resistance, disease resistance and herbicide resistance and their impact on the ecological environment were discussed. It is found that GM crops can significantly reduce the use of chemical pesticides, reduce environmental pollution, and improve crop yield and quality. Its built-in defense mechanism can effectively resist the invasion of specific diseases and pests, and enhance the resistance of crops. However, GM crops also face challenges such as gene drift, the impact of non-target organisms, and public acceptance. This study innovatively proposes a risk-based management fr amework for GM crops, emphasizes the importance of ecological safety monitoring, and provides a scientific basis for relevant policy formulation. The results show that rational use of transgenic technology under strict supervision can provide an effective way to achieve sustainable agricultural development, both to ensure food security and environmental protection.
KEY WORDS：genetically modified crops; Plant protection; Ecological impact
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景及意义 2
1.2 植物保护领域研究现状综述 2
第2章 转基因作物的抗虫性潜力 3
2.1 抗虫基因的筛选与应用 3
2.2 抗虫转基因作物的效果评估 3
2.3 抗虫性对害虫种群的影响 3
第3章 转基因作物的抗病性挑战 5
3.1 病原体识别与抗病基因构建 5
3.2 抗病转基因作物的田间表现 5
3.3 抗病性持久性的潜在风险 5
第4章 转基因作物的环境影响分析 7
4.1 生态系统多样性的影响 7
4.2 非目标生物的安全性评价 7
4.3 基因漂移的风险与防控措施 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
