摘 要
随着传统化学农药带来的环境污染和抗药性问题日益严重，开发新型植物源农药成为现代农业可持续发展的关键。本研究旨在探索具有高效、低毒、环境友好特性的植物源农药，通过系统筛选120种具有潜在活性的植物提取物，采用生物活性测定、成分分析及田间试验等方法，发现多种植物提取物对常见农业害虫表现出显著的抑制作用，其中以苦参碱类化合物效果最为突出。研究首次揭示了苦参碱在低浓度下对靶标害虫的选择性毒性机制，并建立了完整的提取工艺流程，实现了有效成分的规模化制备。与传统农药相比，该类植物源农药不仅具有良好的防治效果，而且对非靶标生物安全，降解迅速，残留少。田间应用结果表明，在相同防治效果下，新型植物源农药可减少30%以上的用药量，降低生产成本的同时减轻环境压力。本研究为植物源农药的产业化开发提供了理论依据和技术支持，有望成为替代传统化学农药的理想选择，推动绿色农业发展进程。
关键词：植物源农药；苦参碱；生物活性筛选
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION PROSPECT OF NEW PLANT SOURCE PESTICIDES
ABSTRACT
With the increasingly serious problems of environmental pollution and resistance caused by traditional chemical pesticides, the development of new plant source pesticides has become the key to the sustainable development of modern agriculture. The aim of this study was to explore plant-derived pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and environmental friendly characteristics. Through systematic screening of 120 potentially active plant extracts, biological activity determination, component analysis and field experiments were used to find that a variety of plant extracts showed significant inhibitory effects on common agricultural pests, among which matrine compounds were the most prominent. This study revealed for the first time the selective toxicity mechanism of matrine to target pests at low concentration, and established a complete extraction process to achieve large-scale preparation of active ingredients. Compared with traditional pesticides, this kind of plant-derived pesticides not only have good control effect, but also are safe to non-target biochemicals, degrade rapidly, and have less residue. Field application results showed that under the same control effect, the new plant source pesticide could reduce the amount of medicine by more than 30%, reduce the production cost and reduce the environmental pressure. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the industrialization development of plant-derived pesticides, and is expected to be an ideal choice to replace traditional chemical pesticides and promote the development of green agriculture.
KEY WORDS：plant pesticide; Matrine; Bioactivity screening
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 研究背景及意义 2
1.2 研究现状综述 2
第2章 植物源农药的资源筛选与评价 3
2.1 天然植物活性成分分析 3
2.2 植物源农药筛选标准 3
2.3 资源可持续利用评估 4
第3章 植物源农药的制备工艺与优化 5
3.1 提取技术研究 5
3.2 制剂配方开发 5
3.3 工艺参数优化 6
第4章 植物源农药的应用效果与安全性评价 7
4.1 田间试验设计 7
4.2 防治效果评估 7
4.3 环境安全性检测 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
