农业生态系统中植物病虫害的可持续控制 -植物保护专业

摘要

农业生态系统中植物病虫害的可持续控制是保障农业生产安全与生态平衡的关键问题。随着传统化学防治手段带来的环境污染、抗药性等问题日益凸显，探索可持续的病虫害控制策略成为现代农业研究的重点。本研究旨在构建一个综合性的植物病虫害可持续控制体系，通过整合生物防治、生态调控和物理防治等多元手段，实现对病虫害的有效管理。研究选取典型农作物种植区作为实验对象，采用田间试验与实验室分析相结合的方法，系统评估不同防治措施的效果。结果表明，生物防治中的天敌引入与微生物制剂应用能显著降低害虫种群密度；生态调控措施如作物轮作、间作套种可优化农田小气候，增强作物自身抗逆性；物理防治手段包括诱捕器设置等也取得良好效果。创新点在于将多种防治方法有机结合，形成协同效应，并首次提出基于生态系统服务功能的病虫害综合评价指标体系，为农业可持续发展提供了科学依据和技术支持，主要贡献在于为构建环境友好型农业生态系统提供了理论框架与实践指导，推动了绿色农业的发展进程。

关键词：植物病虫害；生物防治；生态调控

SUSTAINABLE CONTROL OF PLANT PESTS AND DISEASES IN AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS

ABSTRACT

The sustainable control of plant pests and diseases in agricultural ecosystem is a key issue to ensure the safety of agricultural production and ecological balance. With the increasing problems of environmental pollution and drug resistance caused by traditional chemical control methods, the exploration of sustainable pest control strategies has become the focus of modern agricultural research. The aim of this study is to build a comprehensive sustainable plant pest control system, and to achieve effective management of plant pests and diseases by integrating multiple means such as biological control, ecological regulation and physical control. In this study, a typical crop growing area was selected as the experimental ob ject, and the effects of different control measures were systematically evaluated by combining field experiment and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the introduction of natural enemies and the application of microbial agents in biological control could significantly reduce the population density of pests. Ecological control measures such as crop rotation and intercropping can optimize field microclimate and enhance crop stress resistance. Physical control measures, including trap setting, have also achieved good results. The innovation point is to organically combine various prevention and control methods to form synergistic effects, and for the first time put forward a comprehensive evaluation index system of pests and diseases based on ecosystem service functions, which provides scientific basis and technical support for sustainable agricultural development. The main contribution is to provide theoretical fr amework and practical guidance for the construction of environmentally friendly agricultural ecosystems, and promote the development process of green agriculture.

KEY WORDS：plant diseases and insect pests; Biological control; Ecological regulation

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 研究的意义与价值 2

第2章生态系统中病虫害发生机制 3

2.1 植物病虫害的生态学基础 3

2.2 环境因素对病虫害的影响 3

2.3 病虫害爆发的生态链分析 4

第3章可持续控制的技术措施 5

3.1 生物防治技术的应用 5