摘 要
鱼类应激反应影响养殖效率和动物福利，与养殖环境紧密相关。本研究探讨养殖环境参数对鱼类应激反应的影响，以优化养殖管理。以罗非鱼为对象，多因子实验设计考察水温、溶解氧、氨氮浓度和养殖密度对鱼类应激指标的影响。通过测定血浆皮质醇浓度、血糖水平和抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标，结合行为学观察和转录组分析，评估鱼类在不同环境条件下的应激响应。结果发现，水温波动和氨氮浓度升高会显著增加鱼类应激水平，溶解氧低于4 mg/L时，鱼类抗氧化能力下降；高密度养殖条件下，鱼类表现出社交回避行为。转录组分析揭示了HSP70和NRF2等关键基因在应激调控中的作用。本研究首次建立多环境因子协同作用下的鱼类应激评估模型，并提出基于应激阈值的养殖环境优化方案。研究为水产养殖业的可持续发展提供理论和实践指导，对提升养殖效率和保障动物福利具有应用价值。
关键词：鱼类应激反应；养殖环境参数；罗非鱼；皮质醇浓度
CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN FISH STRESS RESPONSE AND AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT
ABSTRACT
Fish stress response affects breeding efficiency and animal welfare, and is closely related to the breeding environment. This study investigated the effects of aquaculture environmental parameters on fish stress response to optimize aquaculture management. Taking tilapia as the ob ject, the multi-factorial experiment was designed to investigate the influence of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen concentration and aquaculture density on the fish stress index. The stress response of fish under different environmental conditions was assessed by measuring physiological and biochemical indicators such as plasma cortisol concentration, blood glucose levels and antioxidant enzyme activity, combined with behavioral observations and transc riptome analysis. The results showed that water temperature fluctuation and ammonia nitrogen concentration significantly increase the stress level of fish, and the antioxidant ability of fish decreases when dissolved oxygen exceeds 4 mg/L in high density culture. Transc riptome analysis revealed the role of key genes such as HSP 70 and NRF 2 in the regulation of stress. This study is the first to establish a model of stress assessment in fish under the cooperation of multiple environmental factors, and to propose a breeding environment optimization scheme based on the stress threshold. The research provides theoretical and practical guidance for the sustainable development of aquaculture, and has application value in improving the efficiency of aquaculture and ensuring animal welfare.
KEY WORDS：Stress response to fish; Aquaculture environmental parameters; Tilapia; Cortisol concentration
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 研究方法与思路 1
第2章 相关理论概述 2
2.1 鱼类应激反应的生理基础 2
2.2 应激反应的主要表现形式 2
2.3 应激反应对鱼类健康的影响 3
第3章 养殖环境对应激反应的影响因素 4
3.1 水质参数对应激反应的作用机制 4
3.2 养殖密度对应激反应的调控效应 4
3.3 饲料管理对应激反应的影响分析 5
第4章 优化养殖环境的策略与实践 6
4.1 基于应激反应的养殖环境优化原则 6
4.2 具体优化措施的实施路径 6
4.3 优化效果的评估方法 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
鱼类应激反应影响养殖效率和动物福利，与养殖环境紧密相关。本研究探讨养殖环境参数对鱼类应激反应的影响，以优化养殖管理。以罗非鱼为对象，多因子实验设计考察水温、溶解氧、氨氮浓度和养殖密度对鱼类应激指标的影响。通过测定血浆皮质醇浓度、血糖水平和抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标，结合行为学观察和转录组分析，评估鱼类在不同环境条件下的应激响应。结果发现，水温波动和氨氮浓度升高会显著增加鱼类应激水平，溶解氧低于4 mg/L时，鱼类抗氧化能力下降；高密度养殖条件下，鱼类表现出社交回避行为。转录组分析揭示了HSP70和NRF2等关键基因在应激调控中的作用。本研究首次建立多环境因子协同作用下的鱼类应激评估模型，并提出基于应激阈值的养殖环境优化方案。研究为水产养殖业的可持续发展提供理论和实践指导，对提升养殖效率和保障动物福利具有应用价值。
关键词：鱼类应激反应；养殖环境参数；罗非鱼；皮质醇浓度
CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN FISH STRESS RESPONSE AND AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT
ABSTRACT
Fish stress response affects breeding efficiency and animal welfare, and is closely related to the breeding environment. This study investigated the effects of aquaculture environmental parameters on fish stress response to optimize aquaculture management. Taking tilapia as the ob ject, the multi-factorial experiment was designed to investigate the influence of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen concentration and aquaculture density on the fish stress index. The stress response of fish under different environmental conditions was assessed by measuring physiological and biochemical indicators such as plasma cortisol concentration, blood glucose levels and antioxidant enzyme activity, combined with behavioral observations and transc riptome analysis. The results showed that water temperature fluctuation and ammonia nitrogen concentration significantly increase the stress level of fish, and the antioxidant ability of fish decreases when dissolved oxygen exceeds 4 mg/L in high density culture. Transc riptome analysis revealed the role of key genes such as HSP 70 and NRF 2 in the regulation of stress. This study is the first to establish a model of stress assessment in fish under the cooperation of multiple environmental factors, and to propose a breeding environment optimization scheme based on the stress threshold. The research provides theoretical and practical guidance for the sustainable development of aquaculture, and has application value in improving the efficiency of aquaculture and ensuring animal welfare.
KEY WORDS：Stress response to fish; Aquaculture environmental parameters; Tilapia; Cortisol concentration
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 研究方法与思路 1
第2章 相关理论概述 2
2.1 鱼类应激反应的生理基础 2
2.2 应激反应的主要表现形式 2
2.3 应激反应对鱼类健康的影响 3
第3章 养殖环境对应激反应的影响因素 4
3.1 水质参数对应激反应的作用机制 4
3.2 养殖密度对应激反应的调控效应 4
3.3 饲料管理对应激反应的影响分析 5
第4章 优化养殖环境的策略与实践 6
4.1 基于应激反应的养殖环境优化原则 6
4.2 具体优化措施的实施路径 6
4.3 优化效果的评估方法 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
