摘 要
水产养殖业的快速发展导致抗生素滥用，引发环境和食品安全问题。本研究筛选评估多种抗生素替代物，包括益生菌、中草药提取物、植物精油和微生态制剂。通过实验和现场测试，评估了这些替代物对水产动物生长、抗病和水质的影响。结果显示，益生菌和中草药提取物能显著提升鱼类生长和免疫功能，且不损害水质。植物精油有效抑制病原菌，但需优化其对水生生物的毒性。微生态制剂在改善养殖水体环境方面有潜力。研究创新地应用多组学技术于筛选过程，揭示替代物作用机制，并提出基于多替代物协同作用的优化方案，为绿色水产养殖提供科学依据和技术支持。合理组合抗生素替代物可减少抗生素使用，促进水产养殖业可持续发展。
关键词：抗生素替代物；水产养殖；益生菌；中草药提取物
THE SCREENING APPLICATION OF ANTIBIOTIC SUBSTITUTES IN AQUACULTURE
ABSTRACT
The rapid development of the aquaculture industry has led to the abuse of antibiotics, causing environmental and food safety problems. This study screened and evaluated a variety of antibiotic alternatives, including probiotics, herbal extracts, plant essential oils, and microecological agents. The effects of these substitutions on the growth, disease resistance, and water quality of aquatic animals were assessed by experimental and field testing. The results showed that probiotics and herbal extracts could significantly improve the growth and immune function of fish without damaging water quality. Plant essential oils effectively inhibit pathogens, but optimize their toxicity to aquatic organisms. Microecological agents have a potential in improving the aquaculture water environment. The research innovatively applies multi-omics technology in the screening process, reveals the mechanism of action of substitutes, and proposes an optimization scheme based on the synergy of multiple substitutes, so as to provide scientific basis and technical support for green aquaculture. Rational combination of antibiotic alternatives can reduce the use of antibiotics and promote the sustainable development of aquaculture industry.
KEY WORDS：Antibiotic substitutes; Aquaculture; Probiotics; Chinese herbal extract
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
第2章 相关理论概述 3
2.1 基于天然产物的抗生素替代物筛选 3
2.2 微生物发酵产物在抗生素替代中的应用 3
2.3 植物提取物作为抗生素替代物的潜力分析 4
第3章 抗生素替代物的应用效果评估 5
3.1 不同替代物在水产养殖中的抗菌效果比较 5
3.2 抗生素替代物对水产动物生长性能的影响 5
3.3 环境友好型抗生素替代物的生态效应评估 6
第4章 抗生素替代物的推广与政策建议 7
4.1 抗生素替代物在水产养殖中的推广路径分析 7
4.2 国内外相关政策对比及启示 7
4.3 促进抗生素替代物应用的政策建议 8
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
