水产养殖中抗生素替代物的筛选与应用 -动物科学专业

摘要

随着水产养殖业的快速发展，抗生素的广泛使用引发了严重的环境与食品安全问题。为应对这一挑战，本研究旨在筛选并评估多种抗生素替代物在水产养殖中的应用潜力。研究选取了益生菌、植物提取物和中草药等天然物质作为候选替代物，通过实验室和现场试验相结合的方法，系统评估了其在抑制病原微生物、增强免疫功能及改善水质等方面的效果。结果表明，特定益生菌组合在降低肠道病原菌数量方面表现出显著优势，植物提取物则在水质净化和抗菌活性上展现出良好的应用前景。此外，中草药不仅具有广谱抗菌作用，还能通过调节免疫系统提升鱼类的抗病能力。综合分析显示，益生菌与植物提取物的联合使用可有效减少抗生素的使用量，且对水产动物的生长性能无负面影响。本研究的创新之处在于首次提出了基于多组分协同作用的抗生素替代策略，为水产养殖业的可持续发展提供了科学依据和技术支持。研究表明，合理选择和优化抗生素替代物不仅能减少药物残留风险，还能提高养殖系统的生态稳定性，具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。

关键词：抗生素替代物；益生菌；植物提取物；中草药；水产养殖

SCREENING AND APPLICATION OF ANTIBIOTIC SUBSTITUTES IN AQUACULTURE

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of aquaculture industry, the widespread use of antibiotics has caused serious environmental and food safety problems. To address this challenge, this study aimed to screen and evaluate the potential of multiple antibiotic alternatives for use in aquaculture. In this study, natural substances such as probiotics, plant extracts and Chinese herbal medicines were selected as candidate alternatives, and their effects on inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms, enhancing immune function and improving water quality were systematically evaluated through a combination of laboratory and field tests. The results showed that the specific probiotic combinations showed significant advantages in reducing the number of intestinal pathogens, and the plant extracts showed good application prospects in water purification and antibacterial activity. In addition, Chinese herbs not only have broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, but also improve the disease resistance of fish by regulating the immune system. Comprehensive analysis showed that the combined use of probiotics and plant extracts could effectively reduce the use of antibiotics, and had no negative effect on the growth performance of aquatic animals. The innovation of this study is that the antibiotic replacement strategy based on multi-component synergism is proposed for the first time, which provides scientific basis and technical support for the sustainable development of aquaculture industry. The research shows that reasonable selection and optimization of antibiotic substitutes can not only reduce the risk of drug residues, but also improve the ecological stability of aquaculture system, which has important theoretical significance and practical application value.

KEY WORDS：Antibiotic Substitutes; Probiotics; Plant Extract; Chinese Herbal Medicine; Aquaculture

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 抗生素替代物领域的研究现状 2

第2章抗生素替代物的筛选策略 4

2.1 基于生物活性物质的筛选方法 4

2.2 环境友好型替代物的初步筛选 4

2.3 高通量筛选技术的应用与优化 5

第3章抗生素替代物的应用效果评估 6

3.1 替代物对水产动物生长性能的影响 6