摘 要
生物基塑料因其可再生性和环境友好性，逐渐成为传统石油基塑料的重要替代品。然而，其热稳定性问题限制了其在高温应用中的广泛使用。本研究旨在深入探讨生物基塑料的热稳定性机制，通过系统分析其分子结构与热性能之间的关系，提出改进策略。研究采用了多种先进的表征技术，包括差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），以全面评估不同生物基塑料的热稳定性。结果显示，纤维素基塑料在高温下表现出较好的热稳定性，而淀粉基塑料则相对较差。进一步的分子动力学模拟揭示了纤维素分子链间的氢键网络是其高热稳定性的关键因素。基于这些发现，我们提出了一种通过引入特定交联剂来增强淀粉基塑料热稳定性的方法。实验验证表明，该方法显著提高了淀粉基塑料的热分解温度和热变形温度。本研究的贡献在于不仅揭示了生物基塑料热稳定性的内在机制，还为其实际应用提供了可行的改进方案。这一创新性成果对于推动生物基塑料在高温环境中的应用具有重要意义，同时也为相关领域的研究提供了新的思路和方法。
关键词：生物基塑料；热稳定性；纤维素基塑料；淀粉基塑料；氢键网络
Abstract
Because of their renewability and environmental friendliness, bio-based plastics have gradually become an important alternative to traditional oil-based plastics. However, its thermal stability problems limit its widespread use in high-temperature applications. The aim of this study is to deeply explore the thermal stability mechanism of bio-based plastics and propose improvement strategies by systematically analyzing the relationship between their molecular structure and thermal properties. Advanced characterization techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to comprehensively assess the thermal stability of different bio-based plastics. The results showed that the cellulosic plastics showed better thermal stability at high temperatures, while the starch-based plastics were relatively poor. Further molecular dynamics simulations revealed a hydrogen bonding network between chains of cellulose molecules as a key factor for its high thermal stability. Based on these findings, we propose a method to enhance the thermal stability of starch-based plastics by introducing specific cross-linking agents. Experimental validation shows that the proposed method significantly improves the thermal decomposition temperature and the thermal deformation temperature of starch-based plastics. The contribution of this study is not only revealing the intrinsic mechanism of thermal stability of bio-based plastics, but also providing feasible improvement schemes for their practical applications. This innovative achievement is of great significance for promoting the application of bio-based plastics in high temperature environment, and also provides new ideas and methods for the research in related fields.
Key Words：Bio-based plastic; Thermal stability; Cellulose-based plastic; Starch-based plastic; Hydrogen bond network
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
1.3 研究方法概述 2
第2章 生物基塑料热稳定性机制的理论基础 4
2.1 热稳定性的定义与重要性 4
2.2 生物基塑料的化学结构与热稳定性关系 5
2.3 热稳定性测试方法及其应用 6
第3章 生物基塑料热稳定性影响因素分析 8
3.1 原材料性质对热稳定性的影响 8
3.1.1 纤维素类原材料的热稳定性特性 8
3.1.2 淀粉类原材料的热稳定性特性 9
3.1.3 蛋白质类原材料的热稳定性特性 9
3.2 加工工艺对热稳定性的影响 10
3.2.1 挤出工艺参数优化 10
3.2.2 注塑工艺参数优化 11
3.2.3 热压工艺参数优化 11
第4章 生物基塑料热稳定性提升技术研究 13
4.1 添加剂对热稳定性的提升作用 13
4.1.1 抗氧化剂的选择与应用效果分析 13
4.1.2 UV稳定剂的选择与应用效果分析 14
4.1.3 抗水解剂的选择与应用效果分析 14
4.2 复合材料设计对热稳定性的提升作用 15
4.2.1 纳米填料的添加与效果评估 15
4.2.2 多层结构设计的效果评估 16
4.2.3 功能化表面处理的效果评估 16
结 论 18
参考文献 19
致 谢 20
生物基塑料因其可再生性和环境友好性，逐渐成为传统石油基塑料的重要替代品。然而，其热稳定性问题限制了其在高温应用中的广泛使用。本研究旨在深入探讨生物基塑料的热稳定性机制，通过系统分析其分子结构与热性能之间的关系，提出改进策略。研究采用了多种先进的表征技术，包括差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），以全面评估不同生物基塑料的热稳定性。结果显示，纤维素基塑料在高温下表现出较好的热稳定性，而淀粉基塑料则相对较差。进一步的分子动力学模拟揭示了纤维素分子链间的氢键网络是其高热稳定性的关键因素。基于这些发现，我们提出了一种通过引入特定交联剂来增强淀粉基塑料热稳定性的方法。实验验证表明，该方法显著提高了淀粉基塑料的热分解温度和热变形温度。本研究的贡献在于不仅揭示了生物基塑料热稳定性的内在机制，还为其实际应用提供了可行的改进方案。这一创新性成果对于推动生物基塑料在高温环境中的应用具有重要意义，同时也为相关领域的研究提供了新的思路和方法。
关键词：生物基塑料；热稳定性；纤维素基塑料；淀粉基塑料；氢键网络
Abstract
Because of their renewability and environmental friendliness, bio-based plastics have gradually become an important alternative to traditional oil-based plastics. However, its thermal stability problems limit its widespread use in high-temperature applications. The aim of this study is to deeply explore the thermal stability mechanism of bio-based plastics and propose improvement strategies by systematically analyzing the relationship between their molecular structure and thermal properties. Advanced characterization techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to comprehensively assess the thermal stability of different bio-based plastics. The results showed that the cellulosic plastics showed better thermal stability at high temperatures, while the starch-based plastics were relatively poor. Further molecular dynamics simulations revealed a hydrogen bonding network between chains of cellulose molecules as a key factor for its high thermal stability. Based on these findings, we propose a method to enhance the thermal stability of starch-based plastics by introducing specific cross-linking agents. Experimental validation shows that the proposed method significantly improves the thermal decomposition temperature and the thermal deformation temperature of starch-based plastics. The contribution of this study is not only revealing the intrinsic mechanism of thermal stability of bio-based plastics, but also providing feasible improvement schemes for their practical applications. This innovative achievement is of great significance for promoting the application of bio-based plastics in high temperature environment, and also provides new ideas and methods for the research in related fields.
Key Words：Bio-based plastic; Thermal stability; Cellulose-based plastic; Starch-based plastic; Hydrogen bond network
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 研究现状分析 1
1.3 研究方法概述 2
第2章 生物基塑料热稳定性机制的理论基础 4
2.1 热稳定性的定义与重要性 4
2.2 生物基塑料的化学结构与热稳定性关系 5
2.3 热稳定性测试方法及其应用 6
第3章 生物基塑料热稳定性影响因素分析 8
3.1 原材料性质对热稳定性的影响 8
3.1.1 纤维素类原材料的热稳定性特性 8
3.1.2 淀粉类原材料的热稳定性特性 9
3.1.3 蛋白质类原材料的热稳定性特性 9
3.2 加工工艺对热稳定性的影响 10
3.2.1 挤出工艺参数优化 10
3.2.2 注塑工艺参数优化 11
3.2.3 热压工艺参数优化 11
第4章 生物基塑料热稳定性提升技术研究 13
4.1 添加剂对热稳定性的提升作用 13
4.1.1 抗氧化剂的选择与应用效果分析 13
4.1.2 UV稳定剂的选择与应用效果分析 14
4.1.3 抗水解剂的选择与应用效果分析 14
4.2 复合材料设计对热稳定性的提升作用 15
4.2.1 纳米填料的添加与效果评估 15
4.2.2 多层结构设计的效果评估 16
4.2.3 功能化表面处理的效果评估 16
结 论 18
参考文献 19
致 谢 20
