摘 要
化工废水因其成分复杂、毒性高和难降解等特点，已成为全球环境保护领域的重要挑战。传统废水处理方法在面对高浓度有机污染物时往往效率低下且成本高昂，因此开发新型高效化工废水处理药剂具有重要意义。本研究旨在设计并合成一种基于改性纳米材料的复合药剂，以提升对废水中有机污染物的吸附能力和催化降解效率。通过将功能化纳米氧化物与生物可降解聚合物结合，制备出具有高比表面积和良好稳定性的复合材料，并采用响应面法优化其合成条件。实验结果表明，该药剂对多种典型化工污染物（如苯酚、硝基苯等）表现出优异的去除性能，在最佳条件下，24小时内对苯酚的去除率可达98%以上，同时显著降低化学需氧量（COD）。此外，该药剂具备良好的重复使用性和环境友好特性，能够有效减少二次污染。与传统药剂相比，其吸附容量提高了约1.5倍，催化活性提升了近2倍，展现出显著的技术优势。本研究不仅为化工废水处理提供了新的技术路径，还为功能性纳米材料的实际应用开辟了广阔前景，其创新点在于实现了纳米材料的功能化改性与聚合物载体的协同作用，从而大幅提升了药剂的综合性能，为实现工业废水的高效治理和资源化利用奠定了坚实基础。
关键词：化工废水处理；功能化纳米材料；复合药剂；吸附催化性能；环境友好特性
Abstract
Chemical wastewater, characterized by its complex composition, high toxicity, and difficulty in degradation, has become a significant challenge in the global environmental protection field. Traditional wastewater treatment methods are often inefficient and costly when dealing with high-concentration organic pollutants, thus highlighting the importance of developing novel and efficient chemical wastewater treatment agents. This study focuses on designing and synthesizing a composite agent based on modified nanomaterials to enhance the adsorption capacity and catalytic degradation efficiency for organic pollutants in wastewater. By integrating functionalized nano-oxides with biodegradable polymers, a composite material with high specific surface area and excellent stability was successfully prepared, and its synthesis conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. Experimental results demonstrated superior removal performance for various typical chemical pollutants, such as phenol and nitrobenzene. Under optimal conditions, the removal rate of phenol reached over 98% within 24 hours, while significantly reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD). Additionally, the agent exhibited good reusability and environmental friendliness, effectively minimizing secondary pollution. Compared with traditional agents, its adsorption capacity increased by approximately 1.5 times, and catalytic activity improved nearly twofold, showcasing remarkable technical advantages. This research not only provides a new technical pathway for chemical wastewater treatment but also opens up broad prospects for the practical application of functional nanomaterials. Its innovation lies in achieving synergistic effects between the functional modification of nanomaterials and polymer carriers, which substantially enhances the overall performance of the agent, laying a solid foundation for the efficient treatment and resource utilization of industrial wastewater..
Key Words：Chemical Wastewater Treatment；Functionalized Nanomaterials；Composite Reagents；Adsorption Catalytic Properties；Environmentally Friendly Characteristics
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究新型高效化工废水处理药剂的背景与意义 1
1.2 新型高效化工废水处理药剂开发的研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究新型高效化工废水处理药剂的方法 2
第2章 化工废水处理药剂的关键技术分析 3
2.1 化工废水处理药剂的作用机制 3
2.2 高效药剂的核心性能要求 3
2.3 当前药剂技术的局限性分析 4
2.4 提升药剂效率的技术路径 5
第3章 新型高效化工废水处理药剂的设计与合成 7
3.1 药剂设计的基本原则 7
3.1.1 功能分子的选择 7
3.1.2 结构优化策略 7
3.1.3 材料兼容性分析 8
3.1.4 成本控制方法 8
3.2 合成工艺的开发 8
3.2.1 反应条件优化 9
3.2.2 催化剂选择与应用 9
3.2.3 工艺流程设计 9
3.2.4 环境影响评估 10
3.3 实验验证与数据分析 10
3.3.1 样品制备方法 10
3.3.2 性能测试方案 11
3.3.3 数据处理与结果分析 11
3.3.4 不确定性因素讨论 11
第4章 新型高效化工废水处理药剂的应用与评价 12
4.1 废水处理中的实际应用 12
4.1.1 工业场景适配性 12
4.1.2 处理效果评估指标 12
4.1.3 运行成本分析 13
4.1.4 安全性考量 13
4.2 经济效益与环境效益分析 13
4.2.1 投资回报周期计算 14
4.2.2 减排贡献量化 14
4.2.3 生命周期评估方法 14
4.2.4 社会价值探讨 15
4.3 改进方向与未来展望 15
4.3.1 技术升级路径 15
4.3.2 新材料探索方向 16
4.3.3 政策支持需求 16
4.3.4 国际合作潜力 16
结 论 18
参考文献 19
致 谢 20
