摘 要
含油废水的高效处理是工业水污染控制的重要课题，而电絮凝法作为一种新兴技术，因其操作简便、适应性强和处理效果显著而备受关注。然而，传统电絮凝工艺存在能耗较高及絮体特性不稳定等问题，限制了其大规模应用。本研究旨在通过优化电絮凝过程中的关键参数，降低能耗并改善絮体特性，从而提升该技术在含油废水处理中的实际效能。研究采用正交试验设计与响应面分析方法，系统考察了电流密度、初始pH值、反应时间及电极间距等因素对电絮凝过程的影响，并结合能耗模型评估了工艺经济性。同时，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等手段，深入探究了絮体的形貌特征与组成结构。结果表明，优化后的电絮凝工艺在较低能耗条件下实现了对含油废水的高效处理，COD去除率可达90%以上，且絮体表现出良好的沉降性能与稳定性。此外，研究发现电极材料的选择对絮体特性和能耗水平具有显著影响，其中铁基复合电极展现出优异的综合性能。本研究的创新点在于提出了基于能耗与絮体特性协同优化的电絮凝工艺改进策略，为含油废水处理提供了新的技术思路，同时也为电絮凝技术的工程化应用奠定了理论基础。关键词：电絮凝；含油废水；能耗优化；絮体特性；铁基复合电极
Abstract
The efficient treatment of oily wastewater is a critical issue in industrial water pollution control, and the electrocoagulation method, as an emerging technology, has attracted significant attention due to its simplicity, adaptability, and remarkable treatment efficiency. However, conventional electrocoagulation processes are limited by high energy consumption and unstable floc characteristics, which hinder their large-scale application. This study aims to optimize key parameters in the electrocoagulation process to reduce energy consumption and improve floc properties, thereby enhancing the practical performance of this technology in oily wastewater treatment. Orthogonal experimental design and response surface analysis were employed to systematically investigate the effects of current density, initial pH, reaction time, and electrode spacing on the electrocoagulation process, while an energy consumption model was used to evaluate the economic feasibility of the process. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were utilized to explore the morphological features and compositional structures of the flocs. The results indicate that the optimized electrocoagulation process achieves highly efficient treatment of oily wastewater under conditions of reduced energy consumption, with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate exceeding 90%, along with excellent settling performance and stability of the flocs. Furthermore, it was found that the selection of electrode materials significantly influences floc characteristics and energy consumption levels, with iron-based composite electrodes demonstrating superior overall performance. The innovation of this study lies in proposing an improvement strategy for the electrocoagulation process based on the synergistic optimization of energy consumption and floc properties, providing a new technical approach for oily wastewater treatment and laying a theoretical foundation for the engineering application of electrocoagulation technology..
Key Words：Electrocoagulation；Oil-Containing Wastewater；Energy Consumption Optimization；Floc Characteristics；Iron-Based Composite Electrode
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 2
1.1 电絮凝法处理含油废水的研究背景与意义 2
1.2 国内外电絮凝法研究现状分析 2
1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 3
第2章 能耗优化的关键因素分析 4
2.1 电极材料对能耗的影响机制 4
2.2 电流密度与能耗的关系研究 4
2.3 搅拌强度对能耗的调控作用 5
2.4 pH值对能耗优化的影响分析 6
第3章 絮体特性及其形成机理研究 7
3.1 絮体形态特征分析 7
3.1.1 絮体尺寸分布测定 7
3.1.2 絮体结构稳定性评估 7
3.1.3 絮体表面形貌观察 8
3.1.4 絮体沉降性能测试 8
3.2 絮体生成的动力学过程 8
3.2.1 絮体生成速率分析 9
3.2.2 絮体聚集行为研究 9
3.2.3 絮体生长模型构建 9
3.2.4 絮体破裂机制探讨 10
3.3 影响絮体特性的关键参数 10
3.3.1 电解时间对絮体特性的影响 10
3.3.2 电极间距对絮体特性的作用 11
3.3.3 初始油浓度对絮体特性的影响 11
3.3.4 温度对絮体特性的影响分析 11
第4章 电絮凝法处理含油废水的综合优化研究 13
4.1 处理效率与能耗的平衡优化 13
4.1.1 不同工况下的能耗对比分析 13
4.1.2 处理效率与能耗的关联性研究 13
4.1.3 最优操作条件的确定方法 14
4.1.4 能耗优化的经济性评估 14
4.2 絮体特性对处理效果的影响分析 14
4.2.1 絮体特性与油去除率的关系 15
4.2.2 絮体沉降性能对出水水质的影响 15
4.2.3 絮体稳定性对长期运行的影响 15
4.2.4 絮体再生利用的可行性研究 16
4.3 工艺参数优化的实验验证 16
4.3.1 实验设计与数据采集方法 16
4.3.2 参数优化结果的验证分析 17
4.3.3 实验结果的可靠性评估 17
4.3.4 优化方案的实际应用前景 17
结 论 18
参考文献 19
致 谢 20
