摘 要
数控机床是现代制造业的关键设备，其加工精度对产品质量和生产效率有直接影响。热变形是影响加工精度的主要因素，尤其在精密加工中，热误差可占总误差的40%至70%。本文深入研究了数控机床热误差补偿技术的现状，并提出发展对策。研究分析了热误差补偿技术的基本原理和重要性，并指出了当前技术存在的问题，如补偿精度不足、实时性不强等。针对这些问题，提出了优化热误差模型、改进传感器布局、采用高效数据处理算法、提升系统响应速度、开发通用型补偿策略等对策，并讨论了成本与效益的平衡。最后，总结了研究内容，并展望了热误差补偿技术的未来发展方向和应用前景，强调了本研究对推动技术发展的重要性。
关键词：数控机床；热误差补偿；加工精度；发展对策
CURRENT SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTERMEASURES OF THERMAL ERROR COMPENSATION TECHNOLOGY IN CNC MACHINE TOOLS
ABSTRACT
CNC machine tool is the key equipment of modern manufacturing industry, and its machining accuracy has a direct effect on product quality and production efficiency. Thermal deformation is the main factor affecting the machining accuracy, especially in precision machining, the thermal error can account for 40% to 70% of the total error. This paper studies the current situation of thermal error compensation technology and proposes development countermeasures. The basic principle and importance of thermal error compensation technology and point out the problems of current technology, such as insufficient compensation accuracy and weak real-time. To solve these problems, countermeasures such as optimizing thermal error model, improving sensor layout, adopting efficient data processing algorithm, improving system response speed and developing universal compensation strategy are proposed, and the balance between cost and benefit is discussed. Finally, we summarize the research content and discuss the future development direction and application prospect of thermal error compensation technology, emphasizing the importance of this study to promote the technology development.
KEY WORDS：CNC machine tools, Thermal error compensation, Machining accuracy, Development countermeasures
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第2章 相关理论概述 2
2.1 数控机床热误差基础 2
2.2 热误差补偿技术原理 2
第3章 数控机床热误差补偿技术的现状问题 3
3.1 补偿精度不足 3
3.2 实时性不强 3
3.3 应用范围有限 4
3.4 成本与效益不匹配 4
第4章 数控机床热误差补偿技术的发展对策 5
4.1 提高补偿精度 5
4.2 增强实时性 5
4.3 扩大应用范围 6
4.4 成本与效益平衡 7
第5章 结论 9
参考文献 10
致 谢 11
