摘 要
随着制造业的快速发展，复杂零件需求增加，特别是在航空航天、汽车、医疗器械等高技术领域。传统制造方法在制造复杂几何形状和高精度零件时面临挑战，如长加工周期、高成本、材料浪费。3D打印技术通过逐层堆积材料，能直接制造复杂形状零件，缩短加工周期，降低成本，提高材料利用率。尽管如此，精度问题仍是3D打印技术广泛应用的限制因素。本文探讨了3D打印技术在复杂零件制造中的精度问题，并提出对策。首先，分析了3D打印技术原理及其应用潜力。接着，详细讨论了精度问题，包括设备精度、设计文件与实际打印结果偏差、材料性质和后处理工艺等。针对这些问题，提出了提升设备精度、优化设计文件、改进材料性能和优化后处理工艺等对策。
关键词：3D打印技术；复杂零件制造；精度问题
ACCURACY PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANUFACTURING OF COMPLEX PARTS
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry, the demand for complex parts has increased, especially in the high-tech fields such as aerospace, automotive and medical equipment. Traditional manufacturing methods face challenges in making complex geometries and high-precision parts, such as long processing cycle, high cost, and material waste.3D printing technology can directly manufacture complex shaped parts by accumulating materials layer by layer, shorten the processing cycle, reduce costs, and improve the utilization rate of materials. Nevertheless, the accuracy problem is still a limiting factor in the wide application of 3D printing technology. This paper discusses the accuracy of 3D printing in the manufacture of complex parts and proposes countermeasures. First, the principle of 3D printing technology and its application potential are analyzed. Then, the accuracy problems are discussed in detail, including the equipment accuracy, the deviation between the design documents and the actual printing results, the material properties and the post-processing process. In view of these problems, the countermeasures such as improving equipment precision, optimizing design documents, improving material performance and optimizing postprocessing process are put forward.
KEY WORDS：3D printing technology; Manufacturing of complex parts; Precision problem
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第2章 相关理论概述 2
2.1 3D打印技术基础 2
2.2 复杂零件制造要求 2
第3章 3D打印技术在复杂零件制造中的精度问题 3
3.1 设备引起的精度问题 3
3.2 设计文件与实际不符 3
3.3 材料性质限制 4
3.4 后处理不当 4
第4章 3D打印技术在复杂零件制造中的对策 5
4.1 设备精度提升 5
4.2 设计文件优化 5
4.3 材料性能改进 6
4.4 后处理工艺优化 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
