摘要
本文全面探讨了精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制技术的研究现状、存在问题及改进策略。随着制造业的快速发展，对零件表面质量的要求日益提高，表面粗糙度作为衡量表面质量的重要指标，对零件的功能性、耐用性和整体性能具有深远影响。本文首先综述了表面粗糙度测量的多种技术手段，包括激光雷达扫描、传统接触式、非接触式及新兴的高精度测量方法，分析了每种方法的适用性和局限性。随后，本文深入分析了精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制的关键技术环节，如通过优化加工方法、合理选择与搭配材料与刀具、应用先进的表面处理技术以及实施加工过程的实时监控与反馈机制，来有效降低零件表面粗糙度。然而，当前技术在实际应用中仍面临诸多挑战，如技术精度与稳定性的瓶颈、材料特性与加工难度的制约、检测技术的局限以及操作人员技能水平的参差不齐。为应对这些挑战，本文提出了一系列改进建议，包括加强技术研发力度，推动设备升级换代；优化材料选择与加工工艺，提升加工精细化水平；提升检测技术的实时性与准确性，引入智能算法提高检测精度；同时，重视人才培养与技能提升，通过设立专业技能课程、实施定期培训计划和建立校企合作机制，为行业培养更多高素质的技术人才。
关键词：精密机械零件；表面粗糙度；控制技术；测量方法；检测技术升级
RESEARCH ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF PRECISION MACHINERY PARTS
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the research status, existing problems and improvement strategies of surface roughness control technology of precision machinery parts are discussed. With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry, the requirements for the surface quality of parts are increasing day by day. Surface roughness, as an important index to measure surface quality, has a profound impact on the function, durability and overall performance of parts. In this paper, a variety of surface roughness measurement techniques, including laser radar scanning, traditional contact, non-contact and new high precision measurement methods, are reviewed, and the applicability and limitations of each method are analyzed. Then, this paper deeply analyzes the key technical links of surface roughness control of precision machinery parts, such as optimizing machining methods, reasonable selection and matching of materials and tools, the application of advanced surface treatment technology and the implementation of real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism of machining process to effectively reduce the surface roughness of parts. However, the current technology still faces many challenges in practical application, such as the bottleneck of technical accuracy and stability, the restriction of material characteristics and processing difficulty, the limitation of detection technology and the uneven skill level of operators. In order to cope with these challenges, this paper puts forward a series of improvement suggestions, including strengthening technology research and development, promoting equipment upgrading; Optimize material selection and processing technology to improve the level of processing refinement; Improve the real-time and accuracy of detection technology, introduce intelligent algorithm to improve the detection accuracy; At the same time, we attach importance to personnel training and skill improvement, through the establishment of professional skills courses, the implementation of regular training plans and the establishment of school-enterprise cooperation mechanism, to train more high-quality technical talents for the industry.
KEY WORDS：Precision machinery parts; Surface roughness; Control technology; Measurement method; Inspection technology upgrade
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
目 录 1
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的及意义 1
第2章 表面粗糙度的测量方法 2
2.1 激光雷达扫描测量技术 2
2.2 传统接触式测量技术 2
2.3 非接触式测量技术 2
2.4 新型高精度测量技术 2
第3章 精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制技术研究 4
3.1 加工方法优化 4
3.2 材料与刀具选择 4
3.3 表面处理技术 4
3.4 加工过程监控与反馈 5
第4章 精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制技术存在的不足 6
4.1 技术精度与稳定性不足 6
4.2 材料特性与加工难度 6
4.3 检测技术局限性 6
4.4 操作人员技能与素质 7
第5章 精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制技术的改进建议 8
5.1 加强技术研发与设备升级 8
5.2 优化材料选择与加工工艺 8
5.3 提升检测技术水平与实时性 8
5.4 加强人才培养与技能提升 9
第6章 结论与展望 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
本文全面探讨了精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制技术的研究现状、存在问题及改进策略。随着制造业的快速发展，对零件表面质量的要求日益提高，表面粗糙度作为衡量表面质量的重要指标，对零件的功能性、耐用性和整体性能具有深远影响。本文首先综述了表面粗糙度测量的多种技术手段，包括激光雷达扫描、传统接触式、非接触式及新兴的高精度测量方法，分析了每种方法的适用性和局限性。随后，本文深入分析了精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制的关键技术环节，如通过优化加工方法、合理选择与搭配材料与刀具、应用先进的表面处理技术以及实施加工过程的实时监控与反馈机制，来有效降低零件表面粗糙度。然而，当前技术在实际应用中仍面临诸多挑战，如技术精度与稳定性的瓶颈、材料特性与加工难度的制约、检测技术的局限以及操作人员技能水平的参差不齐。为应对这些挑战，本文提出了一系列改进建议，包括加强技术研发力度，推动设备升级换代；优化材料选择与加工工艺，提升加工精细化水平；提升检测技术的实时性与准确性，引入智能算法提高检测精度；同时，重视人才培养与技能提升，通过设立专业技能课程、实施定期培训计划和建立校企合作机制，为行业培养更多高素质的技术人才。
关键词：精密机械零件；表面粗糙度；控制技术；测量方法；检测技术升级
RESEARCH ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF PRECISION MACHINERY PARTS
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the research status, existing problems and improvement strategies of surface roughness control technology of precision machinery parts are discussed. With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry, the requirements for the surface quality of parts are increasing day by day. Surface roughness, as an important index to measure surface quality, has a profound impact on the function, durability and overall performance of parts. In this paper, a variety of surface roughness measurement techniques, including laser radar scanning, traditional contact, non-contact and new high precision measurement methods, are reviewed, and the applicability and limitations of each method are analyzed. Then, this paper deeply analyzes the key technical links of surface roughness control of precision machinery parts, such as optimizing machining methods, reasonable selection and matching of materials and tools, the application of advanced surface treatment technology and the implementation of real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism of machining process to effectively reduce the surface roughness of parts. However, the current technology still faces many challenges in practical application, such as the bottleneck of technical accuracy and stability, the restriction of material characteristics and processing difficulty, the limitation of detection technology and the uneven skill level of operators. In order to cope with these challenges, this paper puts forward a series of improvement suggestions, including strengthening technology research and development, promoting equipment upgrading; Optimize material selection and processing technology to improve the level of processing refinement; Improve the real-time and accuracy of detection technology, introduce intelligent algorithm to improve the detection accuracy; At the same time, we attach importance to personnel training and skill improvement, through the establishment of professional skills courses, the implementation of regular training plans and the establishment of school-enterprise cooperation mechanism, to train more high-quality technical talents for the industry.
KEY WORDS：Precision machinery parts; Surface roughness; Control technology; Measurement method; Inspection technology upgrade
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
目 录 1
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的及意义 1
第2章 表面粗糙度的测量方法 2
2.1 激光雷达扫描测量技术 2
2.2 传统接触式测量技术 2
2.3 非接触式测量技术 2
2.4 新型高精度测量技术 2
第3章 精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制技术研究 4
3.1 加工方法优化 4
3.2 材料与刀具选择 4
3.3 表面处理技术 4
3.4 加工过程监控与反馈 5
第4章 精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制技术存在的不足 6
4.1 技术精度与稳定性不足 6
4.2 材料特性与加工难度 6
4.3 检测技术局限性 6
4.4 操作人员技能与素质 7
第5章 精密机械零件表面粗糙度控制技术的改进建议 8
5.1 加强技术研发与设备升级 8
5.2 优化材料选择与加工工艺 8
5.3 提升检测技术水平与实时性 8
5.4 加强人才培养与技能提升 9
第6章 结论与展望 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
