摘 要
纳米技术在饮用水处理中的应用越来越广泛，但其环境和健康风险也受到关注。本文概述了纳米材料在饮用水处理中的应用、风险和控制措施。文章首先介绍了纳米材料的多样性及其作用机制，如吸附污染物、光催化降解有害物质、提升膜分离技术效能和实现感应磁性分离。然而，纳米材料的广泛应用可能带来生物毒性、环境持久性、迁移性和二次污染风险，以及对人类健康的长期影响。因此，本文提出了一系列控制措施，包括选择合适的纳米材料并进行改性优化、进行毒性与环境影响分析、制定法规标准、推动绿色合成方法、加强物理化学性质表征和探索回收再生技术，以确保纳米材料的安全应用。本文为纳米材料在饮用水处理中的安全使用提供了科学依据和实践指导。
关键词：纳米材料；饮用水处理；环境风险；再生利用策略
Potential risks and control of nanomaterials in drinking water treatment
英文姓名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract：The application of nanotechnology in drinking water treatment is more and more widespread, but its environmental and health risks are also concerned. In this paper, the application, risk and control measures of nanomaterials in drinking water treatment are summarized. Firstly, the diversity of nanomaterials and their mechanism of action are introduced, such as adsorption of pollutants, photocatalytic degradation of harmful substances, enhancement of membrane separation technology and induction magnetic separation. However, the widespread use of nanomaterials may bring risks of biotoxicity, environmental persistence, migration and secondary pollution, as well as long-term effects on human health. Therefore, this paper proposes a series of control measures, including selection of suitable nanomaterials and modification optimization, toxicity and environmental impact analysis, development of regulations and standards, promotion of green synthesis methods, strengthening physicochemical characterization and exploration of recycling technology to ensure the safe application of nanomaterials. This paper provides scientific basis and practical guidance for the safe use of nanomaterials in drinking water treatment.
Key words: Nanomaterials; Drinking water treatment; Environmental risks; Recycling strategy
目 录
1 引言 1
2 纳米材料在饮用水处理中的应用现状 1
2.1 纳米材料的种类 1
2.2 纳米材料在水处理中的作用机制 1
3 纳米材料的潜在风险分析 2
3.1 纳米材料的生物毒性效应 2
3.2 环境持久性与迁移性的影响 3
3.3 水处理过程中纳米材料的团聚与二次污染风险 3
3.4 对人体健康可能产生的长期影响 4
4 饮用水处理中纳米材料的控制措施 4
4.1 纳米材料的选择与应用 4
4.2 纳米材料的安全性评估 5
4.3 纳米材料的合成与表征 6
4.4 纳米材料的回收与再生 7
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 8
