摘 要
本文综述了马流行性感冒（马流感）的相关概述、流行影响因素、临床症状及治疗措施。马流感是一种由马A型流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病，主要分为H7N7和H3N8两种亚型，与其他动物流感相比，在宿主范围和病死率上展现出独特特征。生物学因素、环境因素以及社会经济因素共同影响着马流感的流行。临床症状主要包括发热、鼻液分泌、肌肉疼痛以及可能引发的肺炎并发症。在治疗方面，注射安痛定、定期清洁马匹鼻孔、避免过度运动以及使用抗菌消炎药物是常见的治疗措施。本研究通过对马流感各方面内容的综合分析，旨在为马流感的预防、控制和治疗提供科学依据，以保障马属动物的健康和马产业的稳定发展。未来，还需进一步加强马流感病毒的研究，优化防控策略，提高治疗效果，以应对日益复杂的马流感防控挑战。
关键词：马流感;病学临床症状;预防措施
Abstract
This review summarizes the overview, epidemic factors, clinical symptoms and treatment of equine influenza (equine influenza). Equine influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by equine influenza A virus, which is mainly divided into two subtypes, H7N7 and H3N8, and shows unique characteristics in host range and case fatality rate compared with other animal influenza. Biological factors, environmental factors, and socioeconomic factors jointly influence the epidemic of equine influenza. Clinical symptoms mainly include fever, nasal fluid secretion, muscle pain, and possible complications of pneumonia. In terms of treatment, injection, regular cleaning of the horse nostrils, avoiding excessive exercise and use of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs are common treatment measures. Through the comprehensive analysis of all aspects of equine influenza, this study aims to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control and treatment of equine influenza, so as to ensure the health of equine animals and the stable development of equine industry. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen the research of equine influenza virus, optimize the prevention and control strategies, and improve the treatment effect to meet the increasingly complex challenges of equine influenza prevention and control.
Keywords：Horine influenza; pathological clinical symptoms; preventive measures
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 马流感相关概述 2
1.1 马流感的定义 2
1.2 马流感的分类 2
1.2.1 H7N7亚型 2
1.2.2 H3N8亚型 3
1.3 马流感与其他动物流感的比较 3
1.3.1 宿主范围 3
1.3.2 病死率 4
第二章 影响马流感流行的因素 5
2.1 生物学因素 5
2.2 环境因素 5
2.3 社会经济因素 6
第三章 马流感病学的临床症状 7
3.1 发热 7
3.2 鼻液分泌 7
3.3 肌肉疼痛 7
3.4 肺炎并发症 8
第四章 解决马流感临床病学的治疗措施 9
4.1 注射安痛定 9
4.2 定期清洁马匹鼻孔 9
4.3 避免过度运动 10
4.4 使用抗菌消炎药物 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
