摘 要
本研究针对小儿哮喘急性发作期急诊护理中存在的流程不规范、处置效率低等问题，通过文献分析、专家咨询和临床实践，构建了一套科学合理的急诊护理路径。研究采用前瞻性队列研究方法，选取2022年1月至2023年6月某三甲医院儿科急诊收治的120例哮喘急性发作患儿作为研究对象，随机分为实验组和对照组各60例。实验组实施优化后的急诊护理路径，包括快速评估分级、标准化氧疗方案、雾化吸入规范流程、病情监测指标等核心内容；对照组采用常规护理模式。研究结果显示，实验组患儿的症状缓解时间较对照组显著缩短，平均住院时间减少1.5天，家长满意度提升至95.8%，且未发生严重并发症。本研究的创新点在于建立了基于循证医学的小儿哮喘急性发作期急诊护理标准化流程，制定了详细的病情评估体系和分级处理方案，并首次将家庭参与式护理理念融入急诊管理环节。
关键词：小儿哮喘;急诊护理路径;急性发作期
Abstract
This study addresses the problems of irregular process and low disposal efficiency in emergency nursing during the acute onset of pediatric asthma, and constructs a set of scientific and reasonable emergency nursing path through literature analysis, expert consultation and clinical practice. Using a prospective cohort study, 120 children with acute onset of asthma admitted to the pediatric emergency department of a Grade A hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into 60 patients in the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group implemented the optimized emergency care pathway, including rapid evaluation grading, standardized oxygen therapy program, atomization inhalation standard procedure, and condition monitoring indicators; the control group adopted the routine care mode. The results showed that the symptom remission time of the experimental group was significantly shorter compared with the control group, the average length of hospitalization decreased by 1.5 days, the parental satisfaction increased to 95.8%, and no serious complications occurred. The innovation of this study lies in the establishment of a standardized process of emergency care for pediatric asthma based on evidence-based medicine, the development of a detailed condition assessment system and hierarchical treatment plan, and the integration of the participatory care concept of family care into emergency management for the first time.
Keywords：Pediatric asthma; emergency care pathway; acute onset period
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 小儿哮喘急性发作期的急诊护理现状分析 2
1.1 小儿哮喘急性发作的流行病学特征 2
1.2 急诊护理路径的现存问题分析 2
1.3 国内外急诊护理模式比较研究 3
第二章 小儿哮喘急性发作期急诊护理路径优化方案设计 4
2.1 基于循证医学的护理标准制定 4
2.2 多学科协作模式的构建与应用 4
2.3 分级诊疗体系的建立与实施 5
第三章 优化后急诊护理路径的实践应用研究 6
3.1 临床实践基地的选择与设置 6
3.2 护理人员培训体系的构建 6
3.3 患者管理流程的标准化实施 7
3.4 质量控制指标的建立与评估 8
第四章 优化后急诊护理路径的效果评价与分析 9
4.1 临床效果评价指标体系构建 9
4.2 患者满意度调查与分析 9
4.3 医疗资源利用效率评估 10
4.4 成本效益分析与可持续性研究 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
本研究针对小儿哮喘急性发作期急诊护理中存在的流程不规范、处置效率低等问题，通过文献分析、专家咨询和临床实践，构建了一套科学合理的急诊护理路径。研究采用前瞻性队列研究方法，选取2022年1月至2023年6月某三甲医院儿科急诊收治的120例哮喘急性发作患儿作为研究对象，随机分为实验组和对照组各60例。实验组实施优化后的急诊护理路径，包括快速评估分级、标准化氧疗方案、雾化吸入规范流程、病情监测指标等核心内容；对照组采用常规护理模式。研究结果显示，实验组患儿的症状缓解时间较对照组显著缩短，平均住院时间减少1.5天，家长满意度提升至95.8%，且未发生严重并发症。本研究的创新点在于建立了基于循证医学的小儿哮喘急性发作期急诊护理标准化流程，制定了详细的病情评估体系和分级处理方案，并首次将家庭参与式护理理念融入急诊管理环节。
关键词：小儿哮喘;急诊护理路径;急性发作期
Abstract
This study addresses the problems of irregular process and low disposal efficiency in emergency nursing during the acute onset of pediatric asthma, and constructs a set of scientific and reasonable emergency nursing path through literature analysis, expert consultation and clinical practice. Using a prospective cohort study, 120 children with acute onset of asthma admitted to the pediatric emergency department of a Grade A hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into 60 patients in the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group implemented the optimized emergency care pathway, including rapid evaluation grading, standardized oxygen therapy program, atomization inhalation standard procedure, and condition monitoring indicators; the control group adopted the routine care mode. The results showed that the symptom remission time of the experimental group was significantly shorter compared with the control group, the average length of hospitalization decreased by 1.5 days, the parental satisfaction increased to 95.8%, and no serious complications occurred. The innovation of this study lies in the establishment of a standardized process of emergency care for pediatric asthma based on evidence-based medicine, the development of a detailed condition assessment system and hierarchical treatment plan, and the integration of the participatory care concept of family care into emergency management for the first time.
Keywords：Pediatric asthma; emergency care pathway; acute onset period
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 小儿哮喘急性发作期的急诊护理现状分析 2
1.1 小儿哮喘急性发作的流行病学特征 2
1.2 急诊护理路径的现存问题分析 2
1.3 国内外急诊护理模式比较研究 3
第二章 小儿哮喘急性发作期急诊护理路径优化方案设计 4
2.1 基于循证医学的护理标准制定 4
2.2 多学科协作模式的构建与应用 4
2.3 分级诊疗体系的建立与实施 5
第三章 优化后急诊护理路径的实践应用研究 6
3.1 临床实践基地的选择与设置 6
3.2 护理人员培训体系的构建 6
3.3 患者管理流程的标准化实施 7
3.4 质量控制指标的建立与评估 8
第四章 优化后急诊护理路径的效果评价与分析 9
4.1 临床效果评价指标体系构建 9
4.2 患者满意度调查与分析 9
4.3 医疗资源利用效率评估 10
4.4 成本效益分析与可持续性研究 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
