摘 要
《聊斋志异》作为清代文学的重要代表作，不仅展现了蒲松龄个人的创作才华，也深刻反映了当时士人阶层的精神困境。本研究以清代社会文化背景为切入点，通过文本细读与历史语境分析相结合的方法，探讨了《聊斋志异》中所体现的士人阶层在科举制度束缚、社会价值冲突及个体理想失落等方面的复杂心理状态。研究发现，书中诸多狐鬼故事不仅是对现实生活的隐喻性书写，更折射出士人群体在追求功名与坚守道德之间的矛盾挣扎。通过对具体篇章的主题剖析与意象解读，本文揭示了清代士人阶层普遍存在的精神焦虑及其根源，并进一步指出这种困境对后世文学创作和社会思潮的影响。本研究的创新点在于将《聊斋志异》置于清代士人文化的整体框架中进行考察，从而深化了对其文学价值与社会意义的理解，为相关领域的研究提供了新的视角和理论支撑。
关键词：士人阶层；精神困境；《聊斋志异》；科举制度；道德矛盾
Spiritual Dilemmas of the Qing Dynasty Literati Class as Reflected in Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio
英文人名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract：Liaozhai Zhiyi, as a significant representative of Qing dynasty literature, not only showcases Pu Songling's individual creative talent but also profoundly reflects the spiritual predicaments of the scholar-official class during that era. This study examines the work through the lens of the social and cultural context of the Qing dynasty, employing a methodology that combines close textual reading with historical contextual analysis. It explores the complex psychological states of the scholar-official class as depicted in Liaozhai Zhiyi, focusing on constraints imposed by the imperial examination system, conflicts in societal values, and the loss of personal ideals. The findings indicate that many of the fox and ghost stories in the text serve as me taphorical representations of real-life experiences, further revealing the contradictions and struggles faced by scholars in balancing their pursuit of fame and fortune with moral integrity. Through thematic analysis and interpretation of imagery in specific chapters, this study uncovers the pervasive spiritual anxieties of the Qing scholar-official class and identifies their underlying causes, while also highlighting the influence of these challenges on subsequent literary creation and social thought. A key innovation of this research lies in situating Liaozhai Zhiyi within the broader fr amework of Qing scholar culture, thereby enriching the understanding of its literary value and social significance and providing new perspectives and theoretical foundations for related fields of study.
Keywords: Scholar Class；Spiritual Dilemma；Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio；Imperial Examination System；Moral Contradiction
目 录
引言 1
一、清代士人阶层的精神世界 1
(一)士人阶层的社会地位与心理矛盾 1
(二)《聊斋志异》中的士人形象刻画 2
(三)文学创作与士人心态的映射 2
二、科举制度下的精神压迫 3
(一)科举失败对士人的心理影响 3
(二)《聊斋志异》中落第士人的命运书写 3
(三)科举压力与士人理想的冲突 4
三、幻想叙事中的精神寄托 4
(一)花妖狐魅与士人情感的投射 4
(二)异类爱情对现实困境的超越 5
(三)幻想世界的构建与精神解脱 5
四、社会变迁中的价值迷失 6
(一)商品经济冲击下的士人伦理困境 6
(二)《聊斋志异》对世俗价值观的批判 6
(三)士人阶层在社会转型中的身份焦虑 7
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 8
