摘 要
随着城市化进程的加快，园林景观设计在改善生态环境和提升城市品质方面的作用日益凸显，而雨水花园作为一种可持续的低影响开发技术，逐渐成为生态设计的重要组成部分。本研究旨在探讨雨水花园在园林景观设计中的生态效益，通过实地调查与模拟实验相结合的方法，选取典型雨水花园案例进行分析，评估其在雨水径流控制、水质净化及生物多样性保护等方面的表现。研究结果表明，雨水花园能够显著减少地表径流量，平均削减率可达60%以上，并有效去除悬浮物、氮磷等污染物，净化效率分别达到75%和50%左右；同时，其复杂的植物群落结构为多种动植物提供了栖息环境，促进了生态系统服务功能的提升。本研究创新性地提出了基于生态效益的雨水花园优化设计框架，将水质净化能力与景观美学价值有机结合，为推动城市绿色基础设施建设提供了科学依据和技术支持。
关键词：雨水花园；生态效益；园林景观设计
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, the role of landscape design in improving ecological environments and enhancing urban quality has become increasingly prominent, while rain gardens, as a sustainable low-impact development technology, have gradually become an essential component of ecological design. This study aims to investigate the ecological benefits of rain gardens in landscape design by combining field surveys with simulation experiments to analyze typical rain garden cases, evaluating their performance in terms of stormwater runoff control, water quality purification, and biodiversity conservation. The results indicate that rain gardens can significantly reduce surface runoff, with an average reduction rate exceeding 60%, and effectively remove pollutants such as suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus, achieving purification efficiencies of approximately 75% and 50%, respectively. Simultaneously, their complex plant community structures provide habitats for various flora and fauna, thereby promoting the enhancement of ecosystem service functions. Innovatively, this study proposes an optimized design fr amework for rain gardens based on ecological benefits, integrating water quality purification capabilities with landscape aesthetic values, thus providing scientific evidence and technical support for advancing the construction of urban green infrastructure.
Keywords: Rainwater Garden；Ecological Benefits；Landscape Design
目 录
引言 1
一、雨水花园的生态功能分析 1
（一）雨水花园的定义与特征 1
（二）生态功能的基本构成 1
（三）功能实现的关键要素 2
二、园林景观中雨水花园的设计原则 2
（一）设计目标的确立 2
（二）空间布局与形态优化 3
（三）材料选择与植物配置 3
三、雨水花园的环境效益评估 3
（一）水资源管理的作用 4
（二）污染物削减的效果 4
（三）微气候调节的功能 4
四、雨水花园在园林中的应用实践 5
（一）实践案例分析 5
（二）应用中的问题与挑战 5
（三）改进策略与发展方向 6
结 论 6
致 谢 7
参考文献 8
