摘 要
城市土壤作为城市生态系统中不可或缺的组成部分，对园林植物的生长具有至关重要的影响。首先，城市土壤的形成与分类反映了其独特的自然和人为干扰背景，这些土壤在物理、化学和生物性质上与自然土壤存在显著差异。城市土壤在园林植物生长中扮演着多重角色。它不仅为植物提供生长所需的基质和支撑，还通过供给养分和水分保障植物的健康生长。此外，城市土壤还参与维持生态系统的平衡，对改善城市环境质量具有重要意义。城市土壤也面临着一系列挑战，这些挑战对园林植物的生长产生了消极影响，土壤养分匮缺限制了植物的正常生长和发育；土壤水分不足导致植物水分平衡失衡，影响植物的生理功能和生长状况；土壤通气性差影响植物根系的呼吸作用，严重时甚至导致植物死亡；土壤污染不仅直接损害植物健康，还可能通过食物链威胁人类健康。为了改善城市土壤质量，促进园林植物的健康生长，需要采取一系列具体措施。这包括合理施肥以补充土壤养分，实施合理的灌溉策略以满足植物的水分需求，疏松土壤以提高土壤通气性，以及采用生物修复技术来减少土壤污染。通过这些措施的实施，可以有效改善城市土壤质量，为园林植物的生长创造良好的土壤环境。
关键词：城市土壤 植物生长 土壤污染
Abstract
As an indispensable part of the urban ecosystem, the urban soil has a crucial influence on the growth of garden plants. First, the formation and classification of urban soils reflects their unique natural and anthropogenic disturbance background, which differ significantly from them in their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Urban soil plays multiple roles in the growth of garden plants. It not only provides the substrate and support needed for plant growth, but also ensures the healthy growth of plants by supplying nutrients and water. In addition, urban soil also participates in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, which is of great significance to the improvement of urban environmental quality. Urban soil also faces a series of challenges, which have a negative impact on the growth of garden plants, the scarcity of soil nutrients limits the normal growth and development of plants; soil water shortage leads to plant water balance, which affects the physiological function and growth status; poor soil ventilation affects the respiration of plant roots, and even leads to plant death; soil pollution not only directly damages plant health, but also may threaten human health through the food chain. In order to improve the urban soil quality and promote the healthy growth of garden plants, a series of concrete measures need to be taken. This includes rational fertilization to supplement soil nutrients, implementation of rational irrigation strategies to meet plant water requirements, loose soil to improve soil aeration, and adoption of bioremediation techniques to reduce soil contamination. Through the implementation of these measures, the urban soil quality can be effectively improved to create a good soil environment for the growth of garden plants.
Keywords: Urban soil Plant growth Soil pollution
目 录
一、引言 1
二、城市土壤的基本特性 1
（一）城市土壤的形成 1
（二）城市土壤的分类 1
三、城市土壤在园林植物生长中的重要性 2
（一）提供生长基质和支撑 2
（二）供给养分和水分 2
（三）维持生态系统平衡 3
四、城市土壤对园林植物生长的影响 3
（一）土壤养分匮缺 3
（二）土壤水分不足 4
（三）土壤通气性差 4
（四）土壤污染 5
五、城市土壤改善的具体措施 5
（一）合理施肥 5
（二）实施合理的灌溉策略 5
（三）疏松土壤 6
（四）采用生物修复技术 6
六、结论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
