摘 要
随着新能源汽车的快速发展，动力电池作为核心部件，其性能受温度影响显著，而热管理系统的优化成为提升电池性能和寿命的关键技术。本研究旨在探讨不同热管理策略对动力电池性能的影响，并提出一种基于相变材料与主动冷却相结合的新型热管理系统设计方案。通过实验测试与数值模拟相结合的方法，分析了该系统在极端温度条件下的温控效果及其对电池充放电效率、循环寿命及安全性的影响。结果表明，所设计的热管理系统能够有效将电池工作温度控制在适宜范围（15℃~35℃），显著降低温度波动对电池性能的负面影响，同时提高充放电效率约8%并延长循环寿命达20%以上。此外，创新性地引入动态热流调控机制，实现了能量利用效率的最大化。研究表明，优化的动力电池热管理系统不仅可增强电池整体性能，还为新能源汽车的实际应用提供了重要技术支持，具有较高的工程价值与推广潜力。
关键词：动力电池热管理；相变材料；主动冷却
Abstract
With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, power batteries, as a core component, exhibit significant performance variations influenced by temperature, making the optimization of thermal management systems a critical technology for enhancing battery performance and lifespan. This study investigates the impact of different thermal management strategies on power battery performance and proposes a novel thermal management system design that combines phase change materials with active cooling. By employing a combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation, the temperature control effectiveness of this system under extreme temperature conditions is analyzed, along with its influence on battery charge-discharge efficiency, cycle life, and safety. The results demonstrate that the designed thermal management system can effectively maintain the battery operating temperature within an appropriate range (15°C to 35°C), significantly mitigating the negative effects of temperature fluctuations on battery performance. It also improves charge-discharge efficiency by approximately 8% and extends the cycle life by over 20%. Additionally, a dynamic heat flux regulation mechanism is innovatively introduced to achieve maximized energy utilization efficiency. This research indicates that the optimized power battery thermal management system not only enhances overall battery performance but also provides crucial technical support for the practical application of new energy vehicles, showcasing high engineering value and potential for widespread adoption.
Keywords: Battery Thermal Management；Phase Change Material；Active Cooling
目 录
引言 1
一、动力电池热管理基础研究 1
（一）动力电池热特性分析 1
（二）热管理系统基本原理 2
（三）热管理技术分类与应用 2
二、温度对电池性能的影响机制 2
（一）电池温度分布特性 3
（二）温度对容量衰减的影响 3
（三）温度对充放电效率的作用 3
三、热管理系统设计与优化策略 4
（一）热管理系统关键参数分析 4
（二）冷却系统设计与仿真 4
（三）加热系统优化与验证 5
四、热管理对电池性能的综合影响评估 5
（一）性能测试方法与评价标准 5
（二）不同工况下的性能表现 5
（三）热管理系统的经济性与可靠性分析 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
