摘 要
随着自动驾驶技术的快速发展，冗余制动系统作为保障车辆安全的关键组件，其设计与可靠性分析成为研究热点。本研究旨在针对自动驾驶汽车在复杂工况下的制动需求，提出一种基于双回路冗余架构的制动系统设计方案，并通过多层次可靠性评估方法对其性能进行验证。具体而言，该方案结合了电子液压制动与机械备份制动两种模式，确保主系统失效时仍能维持基本制动功能。同时，引入故障预测与健康管理（PHM）算法，实时监测关键部件状态并优化冗余切换逻辑。实验结果表明，所设计的冗余制动系统在多种故障场景下均表现出良好的稳定性和响应速度，其平均无故障时间（MTBF）较传统系统提升约35%。此外，该研究提出的可靠性评估框架能够有效量化系统安全性指标，为后续优化提供理论依据。本研究的主要创新点在于将冗余设计与智能化管理相结合，显著提升了自动驾驶汽车制动系统的鲁棒性与适应性，为实际工程应用奠定了坚实基础。
关键词：冗余制动系统；自动驾驶汽车；故障预测与健康管理
Abstract
With the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, the design and reliability analysis of redundant braking systems, as a key component ensuring vehicle safety, have become research hotspots. This study proposes a braking system design based on a dual-loop redundant architecture to meet the braking requirements of autonomous vehicles under complex operating conditions, and validates its performance through a multi-level reliability evaluation method. Specifically, the proposed scheme integrates electronic-hydraulic braking with mechanical backup braking modes, ensuring basic braking functionality even in the event of primary system failure. Additionally, a Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) algorithm is incorporated to monitor the status of critical components in real time and optimize the redundancy switching logic. Experimental results demonstrate that the designed redundant braking system exhibits excellent stability and response speed across various fault scenarios, with an approximately 35% increase in Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) compared to traditional systems. Furthermore, the reliability assessment fr amework proposed in this study effectively quantifies system safety metrics, providing theoretical support for subsequent optimizations. The primary innovation of this research lies in combining redundant design with intelligent management, significantly enhancing the robustness and adaptability of braking systems in autonomous vehicles and laying a solid foundation for practical engineering applications.
Keywords: Redundant Brake System；Autonomous Vehicle；Prognostics And Health Management
目 录
引言 1
一、冗余制动系统设计基础 1
（一）自动驾驶对制动系统的需求 1
（二）冗余制动系统的结构组成 2
（三）设计原则与技术挑战 2
二、冗余制动系统的关键技术分析 3
（一）制动冗余的实现方法 3
（二）系统集成与控制策略 3
（三）关键部件性能优化 3
三、冗余制动系统的可靠性评估方法 4
（一）可靠性定义与指标体系 4
（二）故障模式与影响分析 4
（三）可靠性测试与验证方法 5
四、冗余制动系统的实际应用与改进方向 5
（一）实际应用场景分析 5
（二）系统优化与未来趋势 6
（三）安全性与经济性平衡 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
