摘 要
随着自动驾驶技术的快速发展，车辆智能化和网联化程度持续提升，但由此带来的网络安全威胁也日益严峻，对自动驾驶系统的安全性构成了重大挑战。本研究旨在深入探讨自动驾驶车辆面临的网络安全风险，并提出一种多层次、综合性的网络安全防护技术框架。通过结合入侵检测系统（IDS）、区块链技术和安全通信协议，构建了一套能够实时监测、防御和响应网络攻击的防护体系。研究采用仿真实验与实车测试相结合的方法，验证了所提方案在抵御常见网络攻击（如数据篡改、拒绝服务攻击等）方面的有效性。实验结果表明，该防护技术可显著降低系统被攻击的成功率，并有效保障自动驾驶车辆的数据完整性和运行稳定性。本研究的创新点在于首次将区块链技术应用于自动驾驶车辆的安全通信中，同时提出了基于机器学习的动态威胁评估模型，为行业提供了新的技术参考和实践方向。研究成果不仅增强了自动驾驶系统的网络安全性能，还为未来智能交通系统的安全设计奠定了理论基础。
关键词：自动驾驶安全；网络安全防护；区块链技术
Abstract
With the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, the intelligence and connectivity of vehicles have continued to improve. However, the resulting cybersecurity threats have become increasingly severe, posing significant challenges to the safety of autonomous driving systems. This study aims to thoroughly investigate the cybersecurity risks faced by autonomous vehicles and proposes a multi-layered and comprehensive cybersecurity protection fr amework. By integrating Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), blockchain technology, and secure communication protocols, a protective system capable of real-time monitoring, defense, and response to cyberattacks has been constructed. The research employs a combination of simulation experiments and real-vehicle tests to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution in resisting common cyberattacks, such as data tampering and denial-of-service attacks. The experimental results demonstrate that this protection technology significantly reduces the success rate of system attacks and effectively ensures the data integrity and operational stability of autonomous vehicles. The innovation of this study lies in its pioneering application of blockchain technology to secure communications in autonomous vehicles, as well as the proposal of a dynamic threat assessment model based on machine learning, providing new technical references and practical directions for the industry. The research outcomes not only enhance the cybersecurity performance of autonomous driving systems but also lay a theoretical foundation for the safe design of future intelligent transportation systems.
Keywords: Autonomous Driving Safety；Cybersecurity Protection；Blockchain Technology
目 录
引言 1
一、自动驾驶网络安全概述 1
（一）自动驾驶车辆系统架构分析 1
（二）网络安全威胁来源与分类 2
（三）当前防护技术现状与挑战 2
二、数据传输安全防护技术 3
（一）车辆通信协议安全性研究 3
（二）加密算法在数据传输中的应用 3
（三）实时数据完整性验证机制 3
三、车载系统入侵检测技术 4
（一）入侵检测系统的框架设计 4
（二）基于行为分析的异常检测方法 4
（三）机器学习在入侵检测中的应用 5
四、综合防护体系构建与优化 5
（一）防护体系架构设计原则 5
（二）多层防御策略的实施路径 6
（三）系统性能与安全性的平衡分析 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
