相变材料在建筑节能中的应用 -建筑环境与能源应用工程专业

摘要

随着全球能源需求的不断增长和环境问题的日益严峻，建筑节能成为可持续发展的重要研究方向。相变材料（Phase Change Materials, PCMs）因其能够通过相变过程吸收、储存和释放大量潜热的独特性能，在建筑节能领域展现出巨大潜力。本研究旨在探讨相变材料在建筑围护结构中的应用效果及其优化策略，以提高建筑的能量利用效率并降低能耗。研究采用实验分析与数值模拟相结合的方法，对不同种类相变材料的热物理性能进行测试，并将其应用于墙体、屋顶等建筑构件中进行性能评估。结果表明，相变材料能够显著平抑室内温度波动，减少空调系统的运行时间，从而实现建筑能耗的有效降低。特别是在温带和夏热冬冷地区，相变材料的应用可使建筑全年制冷和供暖能耗分别降低约20%和15%。此外，本研究提出了一种新型复合相变材料制备方法，解决了传统相变材料热导率低和易泄漏的问题，进一步提升了其实际应用性能。研究表明，相变材料在建筑节能领域的应用具有显著的技术可行性和经济性，为未来绿色建筑的发展提供了重要参考。

关键词：相变材料；建筑节能；热物理性能；复合相变材料；能耗降低

ABSTRACT

With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasing severity of environmental issues, building energy conservation has become an important research direction for sustainable development. Phase change materials (PCMs), which possess the unique ability to absorb, store, and release large amounts of latent heat through phase transition processes, have demonstrated significant potential in the field of building energy conservation. This study aims to investigate the application effects and optimization strategies of PCMs in building envelope structures to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy consumption. By integrating experimental analysis with numerical simulation, this research evaluates the thermophysical properties of various types of PCMs and assesses their performance when applied to building components such as walls and roofs. The results indicate that PCMs can effectively mitigate indoor temperature fluctuations and decrease the operating time of air conditioning systems, thereby achieving a notable reduction in building energy consumption. Specifically, in temperate and summer-hot winter-cold regions, the application of PCMs can reduce annual cooling and heating energy consumption by approximately 20% and 15%, respectively. Furthermore, this study proposes a novel preparation method for composite PCMs, addressing the issues of low thermal conductivity and leakage commonly associated with traditional PCMs, thus enhancing their practical application performance. The findings suggest that the application of PCMs in building energy conservation exhibits significant technical feasibility and economic viability, providing valuable insights for the future development of green buildings.

Keywords: Phase Change Material; Building Energy Saving; Thermophysical Properties; Composite Phase Change Material; Energy Consumption Reduction

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 1

1.1 建筑节能与相变材料的应用背景 1

1.2 相变材料在建筑节能中的研究现状 1

1.3 本文研究方法与技术路线 2

第2章相变材料的基本特性与分类 3

2.1 相变材料的热物理特性分析 3

2.2 相变材料的分类及其适用性 3

2.3 相变材料在建筑环境中的性能要求 4

第3章相变材料在建筑围护结构中的应用 5